| Somatostatin and the gastrointestinal tract. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19907319 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Somatostatin influences motility, secretion, and absorption and often has in vivo a modulating, indirect effect on target cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Knowledge on tissue-specific expression of the five somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), their capacities for internalization and downregulation, their subtype-specific intracellular messengers, and the possibility of forming functionally distinct homodimers or heterodimers, has further complicated the actual in-vivo mechanism of action of somatostatin. This review reports recent in-vivo and in-vitro studies on somatostatin effects on the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, most of them using a new engineered animal model able to define specific roles of somatostatin and/or its receptor subtypes. RECENT FINDINGS: SSTR2 knockout mice showed normal circulating gastrin and unchanged acid output, suggesting a high degree of plasticity behind gastric acid secretion. Intestinal inflammation significantly increased somatostatin mRNA in SSTR2 null compared to wild type suggesting that somatostatin mediates inflammation also in SSTR2 null mice. In pancreatic islets of SSTR1-5 null mice no variations of islet size, cellular organization or glucagon or insulin content was shown when compared with null SSTRs and control mice. SUMMARY: Although none of the recent findings produced on somatostatin seem ready to be considered for clinical application, recent developments of animal models such as SSTR knockout mice have highlighted promising results to better understand the direct and indirect effects of somatostatin on gastrointestinal tract functions. |
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Authors:
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Vito Domenico Corleto |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity Volume: 17 ISSN: 1752-2978 ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes Publication Date: 2010 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-12-22 Completed Date: 2010-03-04 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101308636 Medline TA: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 63-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Digestive and Liver Disease, II School of Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. vito.corleto@uniroma1.it |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Colon / physiology Gastric Acid / secretion Gastrointestinal Tract / physiology* Humans Intestine, Small / physiology Mice Mice, Knockout Pancreas / physiology Receptors, Somatostatin / deficiency, genetics, physiology Somatostatin / physiology* Stomach / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Receptors, Somatostatin; 0/Sstr2 protein, mouse; 51110-01-1/Somatostatin |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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