| Smoking as a risk factor for oral candidiasis in HIV-infected adults. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23206208 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine if smoking is an independent predictor of oral candidiasis (OC) among HIV-1 infected persons. METHODS: The cross-sectional part of this study evaluated 631 adult dentate HIV-1 seropositive persons examined for OC from 1995-2000 at the University of North Carolina Hospitals in Chapel Hill, NC. In the second part, from the above sample, a total of 283 individuals who were free of HIV-associated oral diseases at baseline were followed up for 2 years to assess incident OC events. Data collected from medical record review, interview questionnaires, and clinical examinations were analyzed using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Logistic regression models were developed for prevalent OC employing the likelihood ratio test, whereas Poisson regression models were developed for assessing cumulative incidence of OC. These models included a variety of independent variables to adjust for confounding. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of participants had OC only; 4.6% had OC with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia; and 69.7% had neither. Smoking was associated with OC in all models [prevalent OC - current smokers: logistic regression - Odd ratio (95% CI) = 2.5 (1.3, 4.8); Incident OC - current smokers: Poisson regression (main effects model) - Incidence rate ratio (95% CI) = 1.9 (1.1, 3.8)]. Other Poisson regression models suggested evidence for effect modification between CD4 cell count and incident OC by smoking. CONCLUSION: Smoking is an independent risk factor for the development of OC in HIV-1 infected persons, and the risk of OC is modified by CD4 cell count which measures strength of the immune system. |
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Authors:
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Amit Chattopadhyay; Lauren L Patton |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-12-4 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology Volume: - ISSN: 1600-0714 ISO Abbreviation: J. Oral Pathol. Med. Publication Date: 2012 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-12-4 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8911934 Medline TA: J Oral Pathol Med Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Affiliation:
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Office of Science Policy and Analysis, NIH-NIDCR, Bethesda, MD, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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