| Smallpox infections during pregnancy, lessons on pathogenesis from nonpregnant animal models of infection. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 14568674 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Both vaccinated and unvaccinated women during pregnancy who contract variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, suffer much higher mortality rates than nonpregnants. Furthermore, acute maternal smallpox leads to spontaneous abortion, premature termination of pregnancy and early postnatal infant mortality. The mechanisms governing the abortifacient activity of smallpox, as well as the enhanced susceptibility of gestating women to lethal disease, have remained largely unexamined. Experimental poxvirus infections in nonpregnant small animal models have revealed that T helper type 1 (TH1) cytokines promote efficient resolution of these infections whereas type 2 (TH2) cytokines enhance viral pathogenesis. These data, combined with recent understanding of how the immune system is modulated by pregnancy, may offer important clues as to the increased pathogenesis of variola in pregnant women. The aim of this review is to bring together the current literature on the effects of poxvirus infections in nonpregnant hosts, as well as the effects of pregnancy on the immune system, in order to develop unifying concepts that may provide insight into the pathogenesis of variola during pregnancy and why prior vaccination with vaccinia virus the live anti-variola vaccine offers less protection to pregnant women and their unborn children. |
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Authors:
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Daniel E Hassett |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of reproductive immunology Volume: 60 ISSN: 0165-0378 ISO Abbreviation: J. Reprod. Immunol. Publication Date: 2003 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2003-10-21 Completed Date: 2004-11-16 Revised Date: 2007-11-14 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8001906 Medline TA: J Reprod Immunol Country: Ireland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 13-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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The Scripps Research Institute CVN-9, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dhassett@scripps.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cytokines / immunology*, metabolism Female Humans Mice Models, Animal Poxviridae / pathogenicity* Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / prevention & control, virology* Smallpox / prevention & control, virology* Smallpox Vaccine / administration & dosage |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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AI45981/AI/NIAID NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cytokines; 0/Smallpox Vaccine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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