| Simulation of stack plume opacity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10842950 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The visual impact of primary particles emitted from stacks is regulated according to stack opacity criteria. In-stack monitoring of the flue gas opacity allows plant operators to ensure that the plant meets U.S. Environmental Protection Agency opacity regulations. However, the emission of condensable gases such as SO3 (that hydrolyzes to H2SO4), HCl, and NH3, which may lead to particle formation after their release from the stack, makes the prediction of stack plume opacity more difficult. We present here a computer simulation model that calculates the opacity due to both primary particles emitted from the stack and secondary particles formed in the atmosphere after the release of condensable gases from the stack. A comprehensive treatment of the plume rise due to buoyancy and momentum is used to calculate the location at which the condensed water plume has evaporated (i.e., where opacity regulations apply). Conversion of H2SO4 to particulate sulfate occurs through nucleation and condensation on primary particles. A thermodynamic aerosol equilibrium model is used to calculate the amount of ammonium, chloride, and water present in the particulate phase with the condensed sulfate. The model calculates the stack plume opacity due to both primary and secondary particles. Examples of model simulations are presented for three scenarios that differ by the emission control equipment installed at the power plant: (1) electrostatic precipitators (ESP), (2) ESP and flue gas desulfurization, and (3) ESP and selective catalytic reduction. The calculated opacity is most sensitive to the primary particulate emissions. For the conditions considered here, SO3 emissions showed only a small effect, except if one assumes that most H2SO4 condenses on primary particles. Condensation of NH4Cl occurs only at high NH3 emission rates (about 25 ppm stack concentration). |
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Authors:
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R Z Meng; P Karamchandani; C Seigneur |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) Volume: 50 ISSN: 1096-2247 ISO Abbreviation: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Publication Date: 2000 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2000-07-14 Completed Date: 2000-07-14 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9503111 Medline TA: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 869-74 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., San Ramon, California, USA. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Aerosols Air Pollution / analysis* Computer Simulation* Particle Size Power Plants* Sulfuric Acids / analysis*, chemistry |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Aerosols; 0/Sulfuric Acids; 7664-93-9/sulfuric acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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