| Sign- versus goal-tracking: effects of conditioned-stimulus-to-unconditioned-stimulus distance. | |
MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 1548447 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Three pigeons were exposed sequentially across experimental phases to five different distances between the conditioned stimulus and the site of the unconditioned stimulus in a sign-/goal-tracking procedure. A computer-controlled tracking system provided a continuous record of the bird's position by continuously monitoring the location of the bird's head in three-dimensional space. It was found that birds sign-tracked (i.e., approached the conditioned stimulus) when the conditioned stimulus was closest to the site of the unconditioned stimulus, goal-tracked (i.e., approached the site of the unconditioned stimulus in the presence of the conditioned stimulus) when the conditioned stimulus was farthest from the site of the unconditioned stimulus, and engaged in both sign- and goal-tracking (or something intermediate) at intermediate conditioned-stimulus-to-unconditioned-stimulus distances. When both sign- and goal-tracking occurred, the former tended to occur in the first half and the latter in the second half of the interval in which the conditioned stimulus was present. The results suggest (a) whether sign- or goal-tracking (or both) occurs is a function of the distance of the conditioned stimulus from the site of the unconditioned stimulus, (b) the fact that pigeons but not rats have been found to sign-track consistently throughout the duration of the conditioned stimulus may be due to quantitatively rather than qualitatively different effects of conditioned-stimulus-to-unconditioned-stimulus distance across species (i.e., a "short" conditioned-stimulus-to-unconditioned-stimulus distance for a pigeon may be a "long" one for a rat), and (c) sign- and goal-tracking may be competing behavioral tendencies that can (e.g., at intermediate conditioned-stimulus-to-unconditioned-stimulus distances) cancel each other out. The findings lend support to theories that specify an interaction between phylogenetic and reinforcement variables in determining whether sign- or goal-tracking will occur in any given experimental preparation. |
Authors:
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F J Silva; K M Silva; J J Pear |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Volume: 57 ISSN: 0022-5002 ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Anal Behav Publication Date: 1992 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1992-04-21 Completed Date: 1992-04-21 Revised Date: 2010-09-07 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0203727 Medline TA: J Exp Anal Behav Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 17-31 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Association Learning* Attention* Columbidae Conditioning, Classical* Discrimination Learning Distance Perception* Motivation* Orientation* Reinforcement Schedule* |
| Comments/Corrections | |
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