| Shoulder Range of Motion Measures as Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Softball and Baseball Players. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21685316 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Background: Range of motion deficits in shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), total rotation range of motion (ER + IR), and horizontal adduction (HA) have been retrospectively associated with overhand athletes' arm injuries. Hypothesis: The authors expected the incidence of upper extremity injury in high school softball and baseball players with side-to-side shoulder range of motion deficits to be greater than the incidence of upper extremity injury in players with normal shoulder range of motion. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: High school softball and baseball players (N = 246) participated. Before the start of the season, passive shoulder ER, IR, and HA were assessed at 90° of abduction with the scapula stabilized. Relative risk (RR) was calculated to examine range of motion measure, by categorical criteria, and risk of upper extremity injury. Results: Twenty-seven shoulder and elbow injuries (9 softball, 18 baseball) were observed during the season. The dominant shoulder of all injured players and baseball players displayed a significant decrease in HA (P = .05) and IR (P = .04). The dominant shoulder total rotation of injured baseball players displayed a significant decrease (mean difference = 8.0° ± 0.1°; P = .05) as compared with the dominant shoulder of uninjured baseball players. Players who displayed a decrease of ≥25° of IR in the dominant shoulder were at 4 times greater risk of upper extremity injury compared with players with a <25° decrease in IR, especially for baseball players. While we observed a 1.5 to 2 times increased risk of injury for the 10° to 20° loss in rotational range of motion for the overall sample and baseball, the risk estimates were not statistically significant (P > .05). Conclusion: There are large mean deficits in shoulder IR and HA between injured and noninjured players, but not in ER or total rotation. Passive shoulder IR loss ≥25° as compared bilaterally was predictive of arm injury. Shoulder range of motion deficits differed between sports and appeared more predictive of injury for baseball players. |
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Authors:
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Ellen Shanley; Mitchell J Rauh; Lori A Michener; Todd S Ellenbecker; J Craig Garrison; Charles A Thigpen |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-6-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The American journal of sports medicine Volume: - ISSN: 1552-3365 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-6-20 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7609541 Medline TA: Am J Sports Med Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Proaxis Therapy, Orthopedic Research Foundation of the Carolinas, Greenville, South Carolina. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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