| Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production Alone and in Combination with Toll-Like Receptor Ligands. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22059850 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Citation Mirmonsef P, Zariffard MR, Gilbert D, Makinde H, Landay, AL, Spear GT. Short-chain fatty acids induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production alone and in combination with Toll-like receptor ligands. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011 Problem Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced at relatively high levels by anaerobic bacteria in bacterial vaginosis (BV), are believed to be anti-inflammatory. BV, a common alteration in the genital microbiota associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection, is characterized by increased levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and SCFAs. We investigated how SCFAs alone or together with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands affected pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Method of study Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Flow was used for phenotyping and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. Results Short-chain fatty acids, at 20 mm, induced interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-1β release, while lower levels (0.02-2 mm) did not induce cytokine secretion. Levels >20 mm were toxic to cells. Interestingly, lower levels of SCFAs significantly enhanced TLR2 ligand- and TLR7 ligand-induced production of IL-8 and TNFα in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but had little effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release. SCFAs mediated their effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production at least in part by inducing the generation of ROS. Conclusion Our data suggest that SCFAs, especially when combined with specific TLR ligands, contribute to a pro-inflammatory milieu in the lower genital tract and help further our understanding of how BV affects susceptibility to microbial infections. |
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Authors:
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Paria Mirmonsef; Mohammad R Zariffard; Douglas Gilbert; Hadijat Makinde; Alan L Landay; Greg T Spear |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-8 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) Volume: - ISSN: 1600-0897 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8912860 Medline TA: Am J Reprod Immunol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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