| Short-chain fatty acids induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production alone and in combination with toll-like receptor ligands. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22059850 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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PROBLEM: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced at relatively high levels by anaerobic bacteria in bacterial vaginosis (BV), are believed to be anti-inflammatory. BV, a common alteration in the genital microbiota associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection, is characterized by increased levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and SCFAs. We investigated how SCFAs alone or together with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands affected pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. METHOD OF STUDY: Cytokines were measured by ELISA. Flow was used for phenotyping and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. RESULTS: Short-chain fatty acids, at 20 mM, induced interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-1β release, while lower levels (0.02-2 mM) did not induce cytokine secretion. Levels >20 mM were toxic to cells. Interestingly, lower levels of SCFAs significantly enhanced TLR2 ligand- and TLR7 ligand-induced production of IL-8 and TNFα in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but had little effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release. SCFAs mediated their effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production at least in part by inducing the generation of ROS. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that SCFAs, especially when combined with specific TLR ligands, contribute to a pro-inflammatory milieu in the lower genital tract and help further our understanding of how BV affects susceptibility to microbial infections. |
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Authors:
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Paria Mirmonsef; Mohammad R Zariffard; Douglas Gilbert; Hadijat Makinde; Alan L Landay; Greg T Spear |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2011-11-08 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) Volume: 67 ISSN: 1600-0897 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. Publication Date: 2012 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-04-11 Completed Date: 2012-08-07 Revised Date: 2013-06-07 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8912860 Medline TA: Am J Reprod Immunol Country: Denmark |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 391-400 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Cells, Cultured Cytokines / immunology* Fatty Acids, Volatile / pharmacology* Female Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects, immunology Ligands Male Neutrophils / drug effects, immunology Reactive Oxygen Species / immunology Toll-Like Receptor 4 / immunology* Toll-Like Receptor 7 / immunology* Vaginosis, Bacterial / immunology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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P01 AI082971/AI/NIAID NIH HHS; P01 AI082971/AI/NIAID NIH HHS; P01 AI082971-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS; P30 AI082151/AI/NIAID NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Cytokines; 0/Fatty Acids, Volatile; 0/Ligands; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species; 0/TLR4 protein, human; 0/TLR7 protein, human; 0/Toll-Like Receptor 4; 0/Toll-Like Receptor 7 |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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