| Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetes Vascular Complications and Treatment. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22236023 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases act as two sides of the same coin: diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease while patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases often have diabetes or pre-diabetes. As firstly shown by Framingham study, diabetic women have an increased cardiovascular risk some 3.5 fold higher than non diabetic women, against an increase of "only" 2.1 fold found in male subjects. In view of the impact of sexual hormones on glucose homeostasis, the molecular pathways involved in insulin resistance suggests a gender specificity mechanism in the development of diabetic complications leading to the unmet need of gender therapeutic approaches. This has also been seen in other diabetic complications such as renal diseases, which seems to progress at a faster rate in females compared with males and women benefit less from treatment than do men. Of note, none of the trials done so far are primarily designed to assess sex and gender differences in the benefit from a specific intervention strategy, de facto excluding fertile women from experimentation. In order to provide a more base evidenced medicine for women and to reach equity between men and women, gender epidemiological reports, preclinical and clinical research are mandatory to evaluate the impact of gender on the outcomes and to improve gender awareness and competency in the health care system. Future studies should consider gender differences in the setting of randomized controlled trials with drugs. |
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Authors:
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F Franconi; I Campesi; S Occhioni; G Tonolo |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-1-11 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets Volume: - ISSN: 2212-3873 ISO Abbreviation: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets Publication Date: 2012 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-1-12 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101269157 Medline TA: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pharmacology, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. franconi@uniss.it. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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