| Sensory profile of a model energy drink with varying levels of functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20722948 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Energy drinks have increased in popularity in recent years due to the claimed energy boost provided by functional ingredients. A multitude of functional ingredients have been utilized; however, there is limited research on their sensory effects in energy drink formulations. A 13-member descriptive analysis panel was conducted to investigate the effects on the sensory and rheological properties of 3 common functional ingredients-caffeine, ginseng, and taurine-in a noncarbonated model energy drink solution. Combinations of these functional ingredients at 3 levels (low, medium, high) were added to create a total of 27 different solutions (3 x 3 x 3 factorial design). Analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the sensory effects of the varying concentrations of functional ingredients in solution. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to summarize the relationship among the attributes and solutions. In general, high levels of caffeine in solution resulted in low ratings of fruity attributes and high ratings of bitter tea and fruit bitter attributes. The high level of ginseng in solution was characterized by high ratings of bitter attributes. A horns effect was observed as the sweet, artificial lemon-lime, pear, mango, and pineapple attributes were rated lower in intensity with increased ginseng levels. Taurine levels of up to 416 mg/100 mL had no significant effect on the sensory attribute ratings of the model energy drink solutions. These findings can be utilized to predict the changes in sensory characteristics when formulating energy drinks containing these popular functional ingredients. |
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Authors:
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Lauren C Tamamoto; Shelly J Schmidt; Soo-Yeun Lee |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of food science Volume: 75 ISSN: 1750-3841 ISO Abbreviation: J. Food Sci. Publication Date: 2010 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-08-20 Completed Date: 2011-01-18 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0014052 Medline TA: J Food Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: S271-8 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Food Science and Human Nutrition Dept., Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Adult Beverages / analysis* Caffeine / analysis* Cluster Analysis Dietary Supplements / analysis* Female Ginsenosides Humans Male Middle Aged Osmolar Concentration Panax / chemistry* Plant Extracts / analysis* Principal Component Analysis Rheology Sensation* Taste Taurine / analysis* Viscosity Young Adult |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Ginsenosides; 0/Plant Extracts; 107-35-7/Taurine; 58-08-2/Caffeine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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