Document Detail


Secretion of apolipoprotein E by brain glia requires protein prenylation and is suppressed by statins.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  12468034     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype modulates the risk of Alzheimer's disease. ApoE has been shown essential for amyloid beta-peptide fibrillogenesis and deposition, a defining pathological feature of this disease. Because astrocytes and microglia represent the major source of extracellular apoE in brain, we investigated apoE secretion by glia. We determined that protein prenylation is required for apoE release from a continuous microglial cell line, primary mixed glia, and from organotypic hippocampal cultures. Using selective protein prenylation inhibitors, apoE secretion was found to require protein geranylgeranylation. This prenylation involved a protein critical to apoE secretion, not apoE proper. ApoE secretion could also be suppressed by inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate, the precursor to both types of protein prenylation, using hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins). Recent reports have described the beneficial effects of statins on the risk of dementia. Our finding that protein geranylgeranylation is required for apoE secretion in the brain parenchyma provides another contributing mechanism to explain the effective properties of statins against the development of dementia. In this model, statin-mediated inhibition of mevalonate synthesis, an essential reaction in forming geranylgeranyl lipid, would lower extracellular levels of parenchymal apoE. Because apoE has been found necessary for plaque development in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease, suppressing apoE secretion by statins could reduce plaques and, in turn, improve cognitive function.
Authors:
Asha Naidu; Qiang Xu; Rosanne Catalano; Barbara Cordell
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Brain research     Volume:  958     ISSN:  0006-8993     ISO Abbreviation:  Brain Res.     Publication Date:  2002 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2002-12-06     Completed Date:  2003-02-25     Revised Date:  2007-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0045503     Medline TA:  Brain Res     Country:  Netherlands    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  100-11     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.
Affiliation:
Scios Inc, 820 West Maude Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / antagonists & inhibitors,  metabolism
Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy*,  metabolism*,  physiopathology
Amyloid beta-Protein / metabolism
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Apolipoproteins E / metabolism*
Astrocytes / drug effects,  metabolism,  secretion
Brain / drug effects,  metabolism*,  physiopathology
Cells, Cultured
Disease Models, Animal
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Farnesyltranstransferase
Hippocampus / drug effects,  metabolism
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
Lovastatin / analogs & derivatives*,  pharmacology
Mevalonic Acid / antagonists & inhibitors,  metabolism
Mice
Mice, Transgenic
Microglia / drug effects,  metabolism,  secretion
Neuroglia / drug effects,  metabolism,  secretion*
Polyisoprenyl Phosphates / metabolism,  pharmacology
Protein Prenylation / drug effects,  physiology*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Amyloid beta-Protein; 0/Apolipoproteins E; 0/Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; 0/Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; 150-97-0/Mevalonic Acid; 6699-20-3/geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; 73573-88-3/compactin; 75330-75-5/Lovastatin; EC 2.5.-/Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; EC 2.5.1.29/Farnesyltranstransferase

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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