Document Detail


Secondarily flightless birds or Cretaceous non-avian theropods?
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19800747     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Recent studies by Varricchio et al. reveal that males cared for the eggs of troodontids and oviraptorids, so-called "non-avian theropods" of the Cretaceous, just as do those of most Paleognathic birds (ratites and tinamous) today. Further, the clutches of both groups have large relative volumes, and consist of many eggs of relatively large size. By comparison, clutch care by most extant birds is biparental and the clutches are of small relative volume, and consist of but few small eggs. Varricchio et al. propose that troodontids and oviraptorids were pre-avian and that paternal egg care preceded the origin of birds. On the contrary, unmentioned by them is that abundant paleontological evidence has led several workers to conclude that troodontids and oviraptorids were secondary flightless birds. This evidence ranges from bird-like bodies and bone designs, adapted for climbing, perching, gliding, and ultimately flight, to relatively large, highly developed brains, poor sense of smell, and their feeding habits. Because ratites also are secondarily flightless and tinamous are reluctant, clumsy fliers, the new evidence strengthens the view that troodontids and oviraptorids were secondarily flightless. Although secondary flightlessness apparently favors paternal care of clutches of large, abundant eggs, such care is not likely to have been primitive. There are a suite of previously unknown independent findings that point to the evolution of, first, maternal, followed by biparental egg care in earliest ancestors of birds. This follows from the discovery of remarkable relict avian reproductive behaviors preserved by virtue of the highly conservative nature of vertebrate brain evolution. These behaviors can be elicited readily by exposing breeding birds to appropriate conditions, both environmental and with respect to their eggs and chicks. They give significant new clues for a coherent theory of avian origin and early evolution.
Authors:
J Lee Kavanau
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article     Date:  2009-10-02
Journal Detail:
Title:  Medical hypotheses     Volume:  74     ISSN:  1532-2777     ISO Abbreviation:  Med. Hypotheses     Publication Date:  2010 Feb 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-02-01     Completed Date:  2010-04-15     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7505668     Medline TA:  Med Hypotheses     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  275-6     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. lkavanau@biology.ucla.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Birds / genetics*
Evolution*
Flight, Animal / physiology*
Models, Genetic*

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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