| Second-order schedules of token reinforcement with pigeons: implications for unit price. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16602378 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Four pigeons were exposed to second-order schedules of token reinforcement, with stimulus lights serving as token reinforcers. Tokens were earned according to a fixed-ratio (token-production) schedule, with the opportunity to exchange tokens for food (exchange period) occurring after a fixed number had been produced (exchange-production ratio). The token-production and exchange-production ratios were manipulated systematically across conditions. Response rates varied inversely with the token-production ratio at each exchange-production ratio. Response rates also varied inversely with the exchange-production ratio at each token-production ratio, particularly at the higher token-production ratios. At higher token-production and exchange-production ratios, response rates increased in token-production segments closer to exchange periods and food. Some conditions were conducted in a closed economy, in which the pigeons earned all their daily ration of food within the session. Relative to comparable open-economy conditions, response rates in the closed economy were less affected by changes in token-production ratio, resulting in higher levels of food intake and body weight. Some of the results are consistent with the economic concept of unit price, a cost-benefit ratio comprised of responses per unit of food delivery, but most are well accounted for by a consideration of the number of responses required to produce exchange periods, without regard to the amount of reinforcement available during those exchange periods. |
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Authors:
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Christopher E Bullock; Timothy D Hackenberg |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Volume: 85 ISSN: 0022-5002 ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Anal Behav Publication Date: 2006 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2006-04-10 Completed Date: 2006-09-08 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0203727 Medline TA: J Exp Anal Behav Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 95-106 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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University of Florida, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Appetitive Behavior* Association Learning Body Weight Choice Behavior Columbidae Concept Formation Conditioning, Operant* Feeding Behavior Male Motivation* Reinforcement Schedule* Token Economy* |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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