| Screening tests for autoimmune-related immunotoxicity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10502529 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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A large number of chemicals induce or exacerbate autoimmune-like diseases in man. Because of the complexity of processes involved, these adverse effects are often if not always missed in standard toxicity testing. To date no validated and generally applicable predictive animal model exists and only a few chemicals have actually been shown to induce adverse autoimmune effects in certain animals. The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is a very promising animal test to (pre)screen for systemic immunosensitizing, including autoimmunogenic potential. This review describes the essentials of the various PLNAs against the background of current understanding of chemically induced systemic immunostimulation. The most simple primary PLNA measures enlargement of the popliteal lymph node 6-8 days after subcutaneous injection of a chemical into the footpad. The primary PLNA can distinguish between immunostimulating (both sensitizers and irritants) and innocent chemicals but does not assess the involvement of T cells or immunosensitization. For this, but also for elucidation of relevant mechanisms, detection of anamnestic responses in secondary PLNAs or responses to reporter antigens in the modified PLNA are suitable. To date over 100 compounds (drugs and environmental pollutants) have been tested, and results show a good correlation with reported immunostimulating (both autoimmunogenic and allergic) potential. Importantly, no false-negative chemicals were detected if metabolism was considered. The various types of the PLNA, but in particular the secondary and modified PLNAs, await extensive validation before they can be recommended as a standard test for autoimmunogenic potential. |
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Authors:
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R Pieters; R Albers |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Environmental health perspectives Volume: 107 Suppl 5 ISSN: 0091-6765 ISO Abbreviation: Environ. Health Perspect. Publication Date: 1999 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2000-08-28 Completed Date: 2000-08-28 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0330411 Medline TA: Environ Health Perspect Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 673-7 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Research Institute of Toxicology (RITOX)-Immunotoxicology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. r.pieters@ritox.vet.uu.nl |
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adoptive Transfer Animals Autoimmune Diseases / chemically induced* Disease Models, Animal Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods Environmental Pollutants / adverse effects* Epitopes Humans Lymph Nodes / drug effects, immunology Mice Rats |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Environmental Pollutants; 0/Epitopes |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
| Full Text | |
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Journal Information Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Health Perspect ISSN: 0091-6765 |
Article Information Download PDF  Print publication date: Month: 10 Year: 1999 Volume: 107 Issue: Suppl 5 First Page: 673 Last Page: 677 ID: 1566255 PubMed Id: 10502529 Publisher Item Identifier: sc271_5_1835 |
| Screening tests for autoimmune-related immunotoxicity. | |
| R Pieters | |
| R Albers | |
| Research Institute of Toxicology (RITOX)-Immunotoxicology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. r.pieters@ritox.vet.uu.nl |
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