Document Detail


Sclera-choroid-RPE transport of eight β-blockers in human, bovine, porcine, rabbit, and rat models.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21282583     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of drug lipophilicity, ocular pigmentation, and species differences on transscleral solute transport.
METHODS: The transport of eight β-blockers across excised sclera/sclera-choroid-RPE (SCRPE) of albino rabbit, pigmented rabbit, human, porcine, and bovine eyes was determined over 6 hours. The ex vivo transscleral β-blocker transport to the vitreous at the end of 6 hours was determined in euthanatized, pigmented Brown Norway rats. The thicknesses of the sclera and SCRPE and the melanin content in choroid-RPE (CRPE) were measured to determine whether species differences in drug transport can be explained on this basis.
RESULTS: Solute lipophilicity inversely correlated with the SCRPE cumulative percentage of transport in all species (R(2) ≥ 0.80). The CRPE impeded the SCRPE transport of all β-blockers (51%-64% resistance in the rabbits; 84%-99.8% in the bovine and porcine eyes) more than the sclera, with the impedance increasing with lipophilicity. SCRPE transport followed the trend albino rabbit > pigmented rabbit > human > porcine > bovine, and a cross-species comparison showed good Spearman's rho correlation (R(2) ≥ 0.85). Bovine (R(2) = 0.84), porcine (R(2) = 0.84), and human (R(2) = 0.71) SCRPE transport was more predictive than that in the rabbit models (R(2) = 0.60-0.61) of transscleral solute transport to the vitreous in rats. The CRPE concentrations were higher in pigmented rabbits than in albino rabbits. The melanin content of the CRPE exhibited the trend albino rabbit ≪ pigmented rabbit < porcine ∼ bovine < rat. Normalization to scleral thickness abolished the species differences in scleral transport. Normalization to SCRPE thickness and melanin content significantly reduced species differences in SCRPE transport.
CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the presence of pigment and drug binding, choroid-RPE is the principal barrier to transscleral β-blocker transport, with the barrier being more significant for lipophilic β-blockers. Although different in magnitude between species, sclera/SCRPE transport can be correlated between species. Tissue thickness accounts for the species differences in scleral transport. Differences in tissue thickness and melanin content largely account for the species differences in SCRPE transport.
Authors:
Rajendra S Kadam; Narayan P S Cheruvu; Henry F Edelhauser; Uday B Kompella
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2011-07-23
Journal Detail:
Title:  Investigative ophthalmology & visual science     Volume:  52     ISSN:  1552-5783     ISO Abbreviation:  Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.     Publication Date:  2011 Jul 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-07-25     Completed Date:  2011-09-16     Revised Date:  2012-01-02    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7703701     Medline TA:  Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  5387-99     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / metabolism*
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Animals
Biological Transport
Cattle
Choroid / metabolism*
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Humans
Melanins / metabolism
Middle Aged
Permeability
Rabbits
Rats
Rats, Inbred BN
Retinal Pigment Epithelium / metabolism*
Sclera / metabolism*
Species Specificity
Swine
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
EY017045/EY/NEI NIH HHS; EY017533/EY/NEI NIH HHS; EY018940/EY/NEI NIH HHS; R01 EY017533-04A2/EY/NEI NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; 0/Melanins

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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