| Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19567449 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with significantly high reproductive risks, ranging from infertility to fetal structural defects and long-term diseases. In this review we focus on the reproductive risks related to some micronutrients during the periconceptional period, a critical step in determining fetal development and health due to the potential onset of several disorders. METHODS: Embase Medline and PubMed databases, Google-indexed scientific literature and periodics from on-line University of Milan Bibliotecary Service were searched to identify relevant publications. In vivo human studies were mainly searched for, but when needed animal studies as well as in vitro and cell culture experiments were also considered. RESULTS: Fertility, conception, implantation, fetal organogenesis and placentation are the critical stages potentially affected by nutrition during the periconceptional period. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels are factors involved in the respective mechanisms. The preconceptional period is particularly important since it affects both fertility and the early stages of gestation. Micronutrients' dietary intake and maternal status affect the different phases of the onset and development of pregnancy as well as of the conceptus. CONCLUSION: Although human studies are scarce, and conclusive evidence is provided solely for periconceptional folate and prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs), the overall data indicate that micronutrients may affects fertility, embryogenesis and placentation, and the prophylactic use of some micronutrients may be useful in preventing several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Efforts to increase awareness of a healthy diet should be strengthened not only throughout pregnancy but also before. However, further researches in humans are necessary to optimise periconceptional micronutrient requirements. |
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Authors:
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I Cetin; C Berti; S Calabrese |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Human reproduction update Volume: 16 ISSN: 1460-2369 ISO Abbreviation: Hum. Reprod. Update Publication Date: 2010 Jan-Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-12-16 Completed Date: 2010-02-22 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9507614 Medline TA: Hum Reprod Update Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 80-95 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Clinical Sciences, Hospital L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milano, Italy. irene.cetin@unimi.it |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Antioxidants
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physiology Copper / physiology Diet Embryonic Development / physiology* Female Fertilization Folic Acid / physiology Humans Iron / physiology Micronutrients / deficiency, physiology* Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Risk Factors Time Factors Vitamin A / physiology Vitamin B 12 / physiology Vitamin B 6 / physiology Zinc / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Antioxidants; 0/Micronutrients; 11103-57-4/Vitamin A; 59-30-3/Folic Acid; 68-19-9/Vitamin B 12; 7439-89-6/Iron; 7440-50-8/Copper; 7440-66-6/Zinc; 8059-24-3/Vitamin B 6 |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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