| Role of microglia in neurotrauma. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20880501 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Microglia are the primary mediators of the immune defense system of the CNS and are integral to the subsequent inflammatory response. The role of microglia in the injured CNS is under scrutiny, as research has begun to fully explore how postinjury inflammation contributes to secondary damage and recovery of function. Whether microglia are good or bad is under debate, with strong support for a dual role or differential activation of microglia. Microglia release a number of factors that modulate secondary injury and recovery after injury, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, growth factors, and superoxide species. Here we review experimental work on the complex and varied responses of microglia in terms of both detrimental and beneficial effects. Addressed in addition are the effects of microglial activation in two examples of CNS injury: spinal cord and traumatic brain injury. Microglial activation is integral to the response of CNS tissue to injury. In that light, future research is needed to focus on clarifying the signals and mechanisms by which microglia can be guided to promote optimal functional recovery. |
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Authors:
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David J Loane; Kimberly R Byrnes |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Volume: 7 ISSN: 1878-7479 ISO Abbreviation: Neurotherapeutics Publication Date: 2010 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-09-30 Completed Date: 2011-01-24 Revised Date: 2012-05-07 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101290381 Medline TA: Neurotherapeutics Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 366-77 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2010 The American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Brain Injuries / pathology*, physiopathology Central Nervous System / pathology*, physiopathology Humans Immunity, Innate / physiology* Inflammation / immunology, pathology Microglia / drug effects, pathology, physiology* Models, Biological Spinal Cord Injuries / pathology*, physiopathology |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R01 NS054221-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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