| Role of the hypothalamus in the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight and composition during energy deficit. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22070225 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Energy deficit in lean or obese animals or humans stimulates appetite, reduces energy expenditure and possibly also decreases physical activity, thereby contributing to weight regain. Often overlooked in weight loss trials for obesity, however, is the effect of energy restriction on neuroendocrine status. Negative energy balance in lean animals and humans consistently inhibits activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid, -gonadotropic and -somatotropic axes (or reduces circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 levels), while concomitantly activating the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, with emerging evidence of similar changes in overweight and obese people during lifestyle interventions for weight loss. These neuroendocrine changes, which animal studies show may result in part from hypothalamic actions of orexigenic (e.g. neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide) and anorexigenic peptides (e.g. alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript), can adversely affect body composition by promoting the accumulation of adipose tissue (particularly central adiposity) and stimulating the loss of lean body mass and bone. As such, current efforts to maximize loss of excess body fat in obese people may inadvertently be promoting long-term complications such as central obesity and associated health risks, as well as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Future weight loss trials would benefit from assessment of the effects on body composition and key hormonal regulators of body composition using sensitive techniques. |
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Authors:
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A Sainsbury; L Zhang |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-10 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity Volume: - ISSN: 1467-789X ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-10 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100897395 Medline TA: Obes Rev Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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© 2011 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2011 International Association for the Study of Obesity. |
Affiliation:
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Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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