| Role of free school lunch in the associations between family-environmental factors and children's fruit and vegetable intake in four European countries. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22974579 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between different clusters of fruit- and vegetable-specific family-environmental factors and children's daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether these associations differ between countries with different school lunch policies. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from four European countries participating in the Pro Greens project in 2009. These countries have different school food policies: two serve free school lunches and two do not. Self-administered data were used. Food frequency questions served to assess fruit and vegetable intakes. The study assessed sixteen children-perceived family-environmental factors, which were clustered based on principal component analysis into five sum variables: fruit and vegetable encouragement; vegetable modelling, family routine and demand; fruit modelling; fruit and vegetable snacking practices; and fruit and vegetable allowing. SETTING: Schools in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. SUBJECTS: Schoolchildren aged 11 years (n 3317). RESULTS: Multilevel logistic regression analyses revealed positive associations between nearly all clustered family-environmental factors and daily fruit and vegetable intake. The study tested a moderation effect between family-environmental factors and school lunch policy. In five out of twenty models significant interactions occurred. In the stratified analyses, most of the associations between family-environmental factors and raw and cooked vegetable intake were stronger in Germany and the Netherlands, neither of which provided free school lunches. CONCLUSIONS: Children reporting more fruit- and vegetable-promoting family-environmental factors had a more frequent intake of fruits and vegetables; the associations were stronger for vegetable intakes in countries providing no free school lunches, suggesting that parental involvement is crucial when schools offer no vegetables. |
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Authors:
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Carola Ray; Eva Roos; Johannes Brug; Isabel Behrendt; Bettina Ehrenblad; Agneta Yngve; Saskia J Te Velde |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-9-14 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Public health nutrition Volume: - ISSN: 1475-2727 ISO Abbreviation: Public Health Nutr Publication Date: 2012 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-9-14 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9808463 Medline TA: Public Health Nutr Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: 1-9 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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1 Folkhälsan Research Center, Paasikivenkatu 4, 00250 Helsinki, Finland. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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