| Risk factors for death among children less than 5 years old hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya, 2005-2007: a cohort study. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 22802736 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on risk factors for mortality are limited. We conducted hospital-based surveillance to characterize the etiology of diarrhea and identify risk factors for death among children hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We enrolled all children <5 years old, hospitalized with diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in 24 hours) at two district hospitals in Nyanza Province, western Kenya. Clinical and demographic information was collected. Stool specimens were tested for bacterial and viral pathogens. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors for death. From May 23, 2005 to May 22, 2007, 1,146 children <5 years old were enrolled; 107 (9%) children died during hospitalization. Nontyphoidal Salmonella were identified in 10% (118), Campylobacter in 5% (57), and Shigella in 4% (42) of 1,137 stool samples; rotavirus was detected in 19% (196) of 1,021 stool samples. Among stools from children who died, nontyphoidal Salmonella were detected in 22%, Shigella in 11%, rotavirus in 9%, Campylobacter in 5%, and S. Typhi in <1%. In multivariable analysis, infants who died were more likely to have nontyphoidal Salmonella (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6·8; 95% CI 3·1-14·9), and children <5 years to have Shigella (aOR = 5·5; 95% CI 2·2-14·0) identified than children who survived. Children who died were less likely to be infected with rotavirus (OR = 0·4; 95% CI 0·2-0·8). Further risk factors for death included being malnourished (aOR = 4·2; 95% CI 2·1-8·7); having oral thrush on physical exam (aOR = 2·3; 95% CI 1·4-3·8); having previously sought care at a hospital for the illness (aOR = 2·2; 95% CI 1·2-3·8); and being dehydrated as diagnosed at discharge/death (aOR = 2·5; 95% CI 1·5-4·1). A clinical diagnosis of malaria, and malaria parasites seen on blood smear, were not associated with increased risk of death. This study only captured in-hospital childhood deaths, and likely missed a substantial number of additional deaths that occurred at home. CONCLUSION: Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shigella are associated with mortality among rural Kenyan children with diarrhea who access a hospital. Improved prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease is necessary. Enhanced surveillance and simplified laboratory diagnostics in Africa may assist clinicians in appropriately treating potentially fatal diarrheal illness. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Ciara E O'Reilly; Peter Jaron; Benjamin Ochieng; Amek Nyaguara; Jacqueline E Tate; Michele B Parsons; Cheryl A Bopp; Kara A Williams; Jan Vinjé; Elizabeth Blanton; Kathleen A Wannemuehler; John Vulule; Kayla F Laserson; Robert F Breiman; Daniel R Feikin; Marc-Alain Widdowson; Eric Mintz |
Related Documents
:
|
22576806 - Specific oral desensitization in children with ige-mediated cow's milk allergy. evoluti... 22499016 - Early human enterovirus infections in healthy swedish children participating in the pro... 22624856 - The effectiveness of video prompting on teaching aquatic play skills for children with ... 22778986 - Morbidity and mortality of caustic ingestion in rural children: experience in a new car... 2728876 - Regression of femoral anteversion. a prospective study of intoeing children. 12418716 - Skin surface temperature over the temporomandibular joint and masseter muscle in health... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Date: 2012-07-03 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: PLoS medicine Volume: 9 ISSN: 1549-1676 ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Med. Publication Date: 2012 |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2012-07-17 Completed Date: 2012-11-16 Revised Date: 2013-04-01 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 101231360 Medline TA: PLoS Med Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: e1001256 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. bwf1@cdc.gov |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Age Distribution Child Mortality* Child, Preschool Clinical Laboratory Techniques Diarrhea / diagnosis, epidemiology*, microbiology Female Hospitalization / statistics & numerical data* Humans Infant Kenya / epidemiology Logistic Models Male Multivariate Analysis Population Surveillance Risk Factors Rural Population / statistics & numerical data* |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentration and incident coronary heart disease in men and women: t...
Next Document: Community mobilization in Mumbai slums to improve perinatal care and outcomes: a cluster randomized ...