| Retraining the injured spinal cord. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11351008 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The present review presents a series of concepts that may be useful in developing rehabilitative strategies to enhance recovery of posture and locomotion following spinal cord injury. First, the loss of supraspinal input results in a marked change in the functional efficacy of the remaining synapses and neurons of intraspinal and peripheral afferent (dorsal root ganglion) origin. Second, following a complete transection the lumbrosacral spinal cord can recover greater levels of motor performance if it has been exposed to the afferent and intraspinal activation patterns that are associated with standing and stepping. Third, the spinal cord can more readily reacquire the ability to stand and step following spinal cord transection with repetitive exposure to standing and stepping. Fourth, robotic assistive devices can be used to guide the kinematics of the limbs and thus expose the spinal cord to the new normal activity patterns associated with a particular motor task following spinal cord injury. In addition, such robotic assistive devices can provide immediate quantification of the limb kinematics. Fifth, the behavioural and physiological effects of spinal cord transection are reflected in adaptations in most, if not all, neurotransmitter systems in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Evidence is presented that both the GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory systems are up-regulated following complete spinal cord transection and that step training results in some aspects of these transmitter systems being down-regulated towards control levels. These concepts and observations demonstrate that (a) the spinal cord can interpret complex afferent information and generate the appropriate motor task; and (b) motor ability can be defined to a large degree by training. |
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Authors:
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V R Edgerton; R D Leon; S J Harkema; J A Hodgson; N London; D J Reinkensmeyer; R R Roy; R J Talmadge; N J Tillakaratne; W Timoszyk; A Tobin |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of physiology Volume: 533 ISSN: 0022-3751 ISO Abbreviation: J. Physiol. (Lond.) Publication Date: 2001 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2001-05-14 Completed Date: 2001-08-02 Revised Date: 2013-06-11 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0266262 Medline TA: J Physiol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 15-22 Citation Subset: IM; S |
Affiliation:
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Brain Research Institute and Departments of Physiological Science and Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. vre@ucla.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Biomechanics Recovery of Function / physiology Spinal Cord Injuries / physiopathology*, rehabilitation* |
| Investigator | |
Investigator/Affiliation:
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V R Edgerton / U CA, Los Angeles |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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