| Reliability of Scapular Classification in Examination of Professional Baseball Players. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22167659 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Clinically evaluating the scapulothoracic joint is challenging. To identify scapular dyskinesis, clinicians typically observe scapular motion and congruence during self-directed upper extremity movements. However, it is unclear whether this method is reliable. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore determined the interrater reliability of a scapular classification system in the examination of professional baseball players. METHODS: Seventy-one healthy uninjured professional baseball players between the ages of 18 and 32 years volunteered to participate. We used a digital video camera to film five repetitions of scapular plane elevation while holding a 2-pound weight. Four examiners then independently classified the motions on video into one of four types. Interrater reliability analysis using the kappa (k) statistic was performed for: (1) classifying each scapula into one of the four types; (2) classifying each scapula as being abnormal (Types I-III) or normal (Type IV); and (3) classifying both scapula as both being symmetric (both normal or both abnormal) or asymmetric (one normal, one abnormal). RESULTS: We found low reliability for all analyses. In classifying each scapula as one of the four types, reliability was k = 0.245 for the left limb and k = 0.186 for the right limb. When considering the dichotomous classifications (abnormal versus normal), reliability was k = 0.264 for left and k = 0.157 for right. For bilateral symmetry/asymmetric, reliability was k = 0.084. CONCLUSION: We found low reliability of visual observation and classification of scapular movement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Current evaluation strategies for evaluating subtle scapular abnormalities are limited. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. |
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Authors:
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Todd S Ellenbecker; W Ben Kibler; David S Bailie; Roger Caplinger; George J Davies; Bryan L Riemann |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-12-14 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical orthopaedics and related research Volume: - ISSN: 1528-1132 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-14 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0075674 Medline TA: Clin Orthop Relat Res Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Physiotherapy Associates Scottsdale Sports Clinic, 9917 N 95th Street, Scottsdale, AZ, 85258, USA, ellenbeckerpt@cox.net. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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