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Relationship between antiretroviral plasma concentration and emergence of HIV-1 resistance mutations at treatment failure.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21866336     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
PURPOSE: The relationship between antiretroviral pharmacokinetic exposure and acquisition of human immunodeficency virus-1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations (DRM) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether antiretroviral plasma concentration could predict the emergence of DRM at treatment failure. METHODS: The study cohort comprised retrospectively selected patients with failing antiretroviral regimens for whom a protease inhibitor (PI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) trough concentration measurement (TDM) had been obtained before failure, a genotypic resistance test (GRT1) had been performed before the TDM, and a genotypic resistance test (GRT2) had been performed at therapeutic failure. Drug levels were classified as undetectable/detectable or subtherapeutic/therapeutic according to limits of quantification of a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet assay or pre-defined efficacy thresholds, respectively. The number of DRM acquired at treatment failure was evaluated by comparing the results of the GRT2 and GRT1. RESULTS: A total of ten and 57 failure episodes occurred among our patients on NNRTI-based and PI-based regimens, respectively, and included in the evaluation. PI concentration was subtherapeutic in 28.1% of patients, among which the levels were undetectable in 21.1%. Twenty-five (43.9%) patients acquired at least one new PI-DRM according to the GRT2. Patients with undetectable PI levels showed a lower emergence of PI-DRM (minor + major) than those with detectable levels (8.3 vs. 53.3%, p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis confirmed that undetectable PI levels were independent negative predictors of DRM selection. NNRTI measurements were subtherapeutic in 2/10 (20%) patients. NNRTI-DRM were acquired by all patients regardless of NNRTI levels. CONCLUSIONS: A PI measurement showing undetectable drug levels prior to treatment failure predicted the lack of emergence of PI-DRM at failure. These results suggest that PI levels can help clinicians interpret the reasons for treatment failure and guide the type of interventions needed.
Authors:
M Fabbiani; L Bracciale; E Ragazzoni; R Santangelo; P Cattani; S Di Giambenedetto; G Fadda; P Navarra; R Cauda; A De Luca
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Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2011-8-25
Journal Detail:
Title:  Infection     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1439-0973     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2011 Aug 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-8-25     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0365307     Medline TA:  Infection     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Affiliation:
Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy, massifab@alice.it.
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