| Rejection Thresholds in Chocolate Milk: Evidence for Segmentation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22754143 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Bitterness is generally considered a negative attribute in food, yet many individuals enjoy some bitterness in products like coffee or chocolate. In chocolate, bitterness arises from naturally occurring alkaloids and phenolics found in cacao. Fermentation and roasting help develop typical chocolate flavor and reduce the intense bitterness of raw cacao by modifying these bitter compounds. As it becomes increasingly common to fortify chocolate with `raw' cacao to increase the amount of healthful phytonutrients, it is important to identify the point at which the concentration of bitter compounds becomes objectionable, even to those who enjoy some bitterness. Classical threshold methods focus on the presence or absence of a sensation rather than acceptability or hedonics. A new alternative, the rejection threshold, was recently described in the literature. Here, we sought to quantify and compare differences in Rejection Thresholds (RjT) and Detection Thresholds (DT) in chocolate milk spiked with a food safe bitterant (sucrose octaacetate). In experiment 1, a series of paired preference tests was used to estimate the RjT for bitterness in chocolate milk. In a new group of participants (experiment 2), we determined the RjT and DT using the forced choice ascending method of limits. In both studies, participants were segmented on the basis of self-declared preference for milk or dark solid chocolate. Based on sigmoid fits of the indifference-preference function, the RjT was ~2.3 times higher for those preferring dark chocolate than the RjT for those preferring milk chocolate in both experiments. In contrast, the DT for both groups was functionally identical, suggesting that differential effects of bitterness on liking of chocolate products are not based on the ability to detect bitterness in these products. |
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Authors:
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Meriel L Harwood; Gregory R Ziegler; John E Hayes |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-4-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Food quality and preference Volume: 26 ISSN: 0950-3293 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-7-3 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101224806 Medline TA: Food Qual Prefer Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: 128-133 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. |
Export Citation:
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Descriptor/Qualifier:
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| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R03 DC010904/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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