Document Detail


Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway not involving its GTPase-activating protein activity.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21041304     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) is a member of a family of proteins called RGS proteins, which function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for Gα subunits. Given the role of RGS6 as a G protein GAP, the link between G protein activation and cancer, and a reduction of cancer risk in humans expressing a RGS6 SNP leading to its increased translation, we hypothesized that RGS6 might function to inhibit growth of cancer cells. Here, we show a marked down-regulation of RGS6 in human mammary ductal epithelial cells that correlates with the progression of their transformation. RGS6 exhibited impressive antiproliferative actions in breast cancer cells, including inhibition of cell growth and colony formation and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by mechanisms independent of p53. RGS6 activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis involving regulation of Bax/Bcl-2, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), cytochrome c release, activation of caspases-3 and -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. RGS6 promoted loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) and increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). RGS6-induced caspase activation and loss of ΔΨ(m) was mediated by ROS, suggesting an amplification loop in which ROS provided a feed forward signal to induce MOMP, caspase activation, and cell death. Loss of RGS6 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts dramatically impaired doxorubicin-induced growth suppression and apoptosis. Surprisingly, RGS6-induced apoptosis in both breast cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts does not require its GAP activity toward G proteins. This work demonstrates a novel signaling action of RGS6 in cell death pathways and identifies it as a possible therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer.
Authors:
Biswanath Maity; Jianqi Yang; Jie Huang; Ryan W Askeland; Soumen Bera; Rory A Fisher
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural     Date:  2010-11-01
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of biological chemistry     Volume:  286     ISSN:  1083-351X     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Biol. Chem.     Publication Date:  2011 Jan 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-01-10     Completed Date:  2011-03-02     Revised Date:  2012-01-16    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985121R     Medline TA:  J Biol Chem     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1409-19     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
Data Bank Information
Bank Name/Acc. No.:
GENBANK/AF073920
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Apoptosis / physiology*
Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*,  pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal / metabolism*,  pathology
Cell Division / physiology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism
Female
Fibroblasts / cytology,  metabolism
GTPase-Activating Proteins / metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / physiology
Humans
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / physiology
Mice
Mitochondria / metabolism*
Molecular Sequence Data
RGS Proteins / genetics,  metabolism*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
Signal Transduction / physiology*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
GM075033/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS; GM075033-03S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/GTPase-Activating Proteins; 0/RGS Proteins; 0/RGS6 protein, human; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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