| Reference values for heavy metals in soils of the Brazilian agricultural frontier in Southwestern Amazônia. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23138418    Owner: NLM    Status: Publisher    |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Guideline values are used to identify polluted or contaminated areas based on background values. Brazilian law establishes three guideline values for pollutants: a quality reference value (QRV), a prevention value, and an intervention value. Reference values refer to the natural concentration of an element or a substance in soils that have not been modified by anthropogenic impacts. These values inform assessments of soil quality and are used to establish maximum permissible limits. The objective of this study was to determine the natural levels and reference values for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in samples from the surface layer (0-20 cm) of 19 representative soils of the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, on Brazil's agricultural frontier. Pseudo-total metal concentrations were obtained following microwave-assisted digestion using the aqua regia and EPA3051 methods. QRVs were calculated for each element as the 75th and 90th percentiles of the frequency distribution of the data. Natural levels of heavy metals in the soil samples followed the order: Cr > Zn > Cu > Co > Pb > Ni > and Cd (aqua regia) and Cr > Co > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cd (EPA3051). These values are generally lower than those reported in the Brazilian and international literature, which highlights the importance of establishing reference values for each state or for each soil type, taking into account the geomorphological, pedological, and geological diversity of the region under study. |
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Authors:
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Sabrina Novaes Dos Santos; LuÃs Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni |
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Publication Detail:
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Type:Â JOURNAL ARTICLE Â Â Â Date:Â 2012-11-10 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Environmental monitoring and assessment    Volume: -    ISSN: 1573-2959    ISO Abbreviation: Environ Monit Assess    Publication Date: 2012 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date:Â 2012-11-9 Â Â Â Completed Date:Â - Â Â Â Revised Date:Â - Â Â Â |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8508350    Medline TA: Environ Monit Assess    Country: -    |
Other Details:
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Languages:Â ENG Â Â Â Pagination:Â - Â Â Â Citation Subset:Â - Â Â Â |
Affiliation:
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Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo (ESALQ/USP), C.P. 9, Piracicaba, São Paolo, Brazil, 13418-900, sabrinanovaes@usp.br. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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