| Reducing health risks from wastewater use in urban and peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa: applying the 2006 WHO guidelines. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18496013 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Where rapid urbanization is outpacing urban capacities to provide sound sanitation and wastewater treatment, most water sources in city vicinity are heavily polluted. This is of great concern as many of the leafy vegetables eaten raw in the cities are produced in these areas. Following the new WHO guidelines, different non-treatment options at farm, market, and kitchen level were field tested for health risk reduction with special consideration to efficiency and adoption potential. As most households are used to vegetable washing (although ineffectively), an important entry point for risk reduction is the increased emphasis of the new guidelines on food preparation measures. A combination of safer irrigation practices (water fetching, on-farm treatment, and application), the allocation of farmland with better water sources, and improved vegetable washing in kitchens appear to be able to reduce the potential risk of infections significantly, although it might not be possible to reach the ideal threshold without some kind of wastewater treatment. The on-farm trials carried out in Ghana also explored the limitation of other risk reduction measures, such as drip irrigation, crop restrictions and cessation of irrigation under local circumstances considering possible incentives for behaviour change. |
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Authors:
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P Drechsel; B Keraita; P Amoah; R C Abaidoo; L Raschid-Sally; A Bahri |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research Volume: 57 ISSN: 0273-1223 ISO Abbreviation: Water Sci. Technol. Publication Date: 2008 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-05-22 Completed Date: 2008-09-22 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9879497 Medline TA: Water Sci Technol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1461-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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(c) IWA Publishing 2008. |
Affiliation:
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International Water Management Institute, Africa Office, PMB CT 112, Accra, Ghana. p.drechsel@cgiar.org |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Africa South of the Sahara Agriculture / methods* Cities Guidelines as Topic* Waste Disposal, Fluid / methods* Water Pollution / analysis, prevention & control Water Purification / methods, standards World Health Organization* |
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