| Reconsidering the Effects of Respiratory Constraints on the Optimal Running Speed. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22217570 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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INTRODUCTION: Although both humans and quadrupeds frequently coordinate breathing and limb movement during running, early studies in humans focused on how increased breathing flexibility in humans allowed for relaxed or even transient coordination during locomotion. This difference was used to explain why quadrupeds had an optimal running speed while humans did not. Recent research, however, has clearly demonstrated that humans like quadrupeds have an optimal running speed. Since these findings are new, it remains unclear why this is true: whether because entrainment in humans was more important than initially predicted or because another restraint is acting. Here, we try to explain the observed CoT min by analyzing metabolic cost with respect to entrainment and a standard set of anthropometrics. METHODS: We measured the energetic cost of human running at five different speeds and calculated individual CoT curves for each participant (N=9). Simultaneously, entrainment was determined by the degree to which a post-stimulus histogram (breaths per 0.05sec bin following a footfall) differed from a uniform plot. RESULTS: We compared the degree of entrainment to each participant's optimal running speed and found that while all of our subjects clearly entrained at some speeds, entrainment was not a function of CoT (p=0.897). Since entrainment was also not correlated with speed (p=0.304), it appears that bipedalism removed the respiratory constraints associated with quadrupedalism as originally suggested. CONCLUSION: Unlike quadrupeds, for whom respiratory constraints remain implicated in the speed dependence of CoT, constraints which lead to a minimum CoT for people must involve other mechanisms of efficiency such as the storage and release of energy in the lower limbs. |
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Authors:
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Michael A Willcockson; Cara M Wall-Scheffler |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-1-3 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Medicine and science in sports and exercise Volume: - ISSN: 1530-0315 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-1-5 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8005433 Medline TA: Med Sci Sports Exerc Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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1Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University 2Department of Anthropology, University of Washington. |
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