| Reactive-site design in folded-polypeptide catalysts--the leaving group pKa of reactive esters sets the stage for cooperativity in nucleophilic and general-acid catalysis. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 10926228 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The second-order rate constants for the hydrolysis of nitrophenyl esters catalysed by a number of folded designed polypeptides have been determined, and 1900-fold rate enhancements over those of the 4-methylimidazole-catalysed reactions have been observed. The rate enhancements are much larger than those expected from the pKa depression of the nucleophilic His residues alone. Kinetic solvent isotope effects were observed at pH values lower than the pKa values of the leaving groups and suggests that general-acid catalysis contributes in the pH range where the leaving group is predominantly protonated. In contrast, no isotope effects were observed at pH values above the pKa of the leaving group. A Hammett rho value of 1.4 has been determined for the peptide-catalysed hydrolysis reaction by variation of the substituents of the leaving phenol. The corresponding values for the imidazole-catalysed reaction is 0.8 and for phenol dissociation is 2.2. There is therefore, very approximately, half a negative charge localised on the phenolate oxygen in the transition state in agreement with the conclusion that transition-state hydrogen-bond formation may contribute to the observed catalysis. The elucidation at a molecular level of the principles that control cooperativity in the biocatalysed ester-hydrolysis reaction represents the first step towards a level of understanding of the concept of cooperativity that may eventually allow us to design tailor-made enzymes for chemical reactions not catalysed by nature. |
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Authors:
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J Nilsson; L Baltzer |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Volume: 6 ISSN: 0947-6539 ISO Abbreviation: Chemistry Publication Date: 2000 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2000-08-24 Completed Date: 2000-08-24 Revised Date: 2009-08-04 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9513783 Medline TA: Chemistry Country: GERMANY |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 2214-20 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acid Sequence Catalysis Esters Hydrolysis Kinetics Molecular Sequence Data Peptides / chemistry* Protein Folding |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Esters; 0/Peptides |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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