| Quantification of lifetime accumulated ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances in the context of a retrospective epidemiological case-control study. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 15014545 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In Europe household appliances are a major source of indoor 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. A number of epidemiological studies have reported associations between leukemia risk and personal use of household appliances. In the "Norddeutsche Leukämie und Lymphomstudie" (NLL), which was conducted in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony) between 1997 and 2001, lifetime use of a preselected array of electric appliances (microwave ovens, hair-dryers, motorized electrical alarm clocks (i.e. that use a motor to move their hands or digits), electric blankets and pillows, heated waterbeds, computers with conventional screens, TVs, and electric sewing machines) was recorded in a standardized, personal, computerized interview. Exposure was assessed on three different levels of precision: ever use, cumulative appliance-years, and average time of daily use. Additional questions referred to exposure modifying factors, including distance from screen while watching TV, position of an alarm clock at the bed etc.). Exposure to ELF-EMF from household appliances was quantified as ever vs. never use, gross and net appliance-years of lifetime use and cumulative microT-hours. Flux densities were based on measurements of appliances from the published literature. These were used as weighting factors to account for the different device-specific contributions to overall ELF-EMF exposure. Resulting distributions (as quartiles) for exposure scores revealed systematic differences for different levels of precision. Our analysis indicates that valid assessment of ELF-EMF exposure from household appliances should be based on the highest possible degree of precision and hence provides a considerable challenge in analytic epidemiology. |
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Authors:
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Thomas Behrens; Claudia Terschüren; William T Kaune; Wolfgang Hoffmann |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology Volume: 14 ISSN: 1053-4245 ISO Abbreviation: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol Publication Date: 2004 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-03-11 Completed Date: 2004-07-15 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9111438 Medline TA: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 144-53 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin, 28359 Bremen, Germany. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Adult Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Electromagnetic Fields* Environmental Exposure / analysis*, statistics & numerical data Female Germany Household Articles* Humans Interviews as Topic Male Middle Aged Sex Distribution |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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