| Quality control in tRNA charging. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22095844 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Faithful translation of the genetic code during protein synthesis is fundamental to the growth, development, and function of living organisms. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), which define the genetic code by correctly pairing amino acids with their cognate tRNAs, are responsible for 'quality control' in the flow of information from a gene to a protein. When differences in binding energies of amino acids to an AARS are inadequate, editing is used to achieve high selectivity. Editing occurs at the synthetic active site by hydrolysis of noncognate aminoacyl-adenylates (pretransfer editing) and at a dedicated editing site located in a separate domain by deacylation of mischarged aminoacyl-tRNA (posttransfer editing). Access of nonprotein amino acids, such as homocysteine or ornithine, to the genetic code is prevented by the editing function of AARSs, which functionally partitions amino acids present in living cells into protein and nonprotein amino acids. Continuous editing is part of the tRNA aminoacylation process in living organisms from bacteria to human beings. Preventing mistranslation by the clearance of misactivated amino acids is crucial to cellular homeostasis and has a role in etiology of disease. Although there is a strong selective pressure to minimize mistranslation, some organisms possess error-prone AARSs that cause mistranslation. Elevated levels of mistranslation and the synthesis of statistical proteins can be beneficial for pathogens by increasing phenotypic variation essential for the evasion of host defenses. WIREs RNA 2011. doi: 10.1002/wrna.122 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. |
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Authors:
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Hieronim Jakubowski |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA Volume: - ISSN: 1757-7012 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-18 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101536955 Medline TA: Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland. jakubows@umdnj.edu. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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