Document Detail


Pupillary autonomic denervation with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  11567969     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The autonomic pupillary changes in type I and II diabetic patients without clinical evidence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) were compared with age matched controls. The relation between pupillary and cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed in the diabetic patients. METHODS: A case-control study was performed with diabetics grouped according to type and duration of diabetes. Static infrared pupillography was used to compare mean dark adapted pupil size and mean percentage changes in pupil size with pilocarpine 0.1% and cocaine 4% in the diabetic and control groups. All diabetic patients underwent cardiovascular autonomic function assessment using the Valsalva ratio, the 30:15 ratio, and testing for orthostatic hypotension. RESULTS: In total, 72 type I and 69 type II diabetic patients were compared with 120 controls. Mean dark adapted pupil size was significantly smaller in diabetic groups than controls. Except for type I diabetics with disease for less than 5 years, all patient groups had significantly greater mean percentage constriction in pupil size in response to dilute pilocarpine than controls. There was no significant difference between the mean percentage dilatation in response to cocaine 4% in diabetics and controls. A high proportion of patients had normal cardiovascular autonomic function particularly when this was assessed with the Valsalva ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Denervation hypersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine is a result of damage to the pupillary parasympathetic supply of diabetic patients. This occurs before the pupillary sympathetic pathway is affected, it can be detected early in the disease, and it may be a possible explanation for the small pupil size seen in diabetic patients. Pupillary autonomic dysfunction occurs before cardiovascular autonomic changes and detection of pupil denervation hypersensitivity to dilute pilocarpine is an inexpensive way to detect early DAN.
Authors:
M Cahill; P Eustace; V de Jesus
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  The British journal of ophthalmology     Volume:  85     ISSN:  0007-1161     ISO Abbreviation:  Br J Ophthalmol     Publication Date:  2001 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2001-09-24     Completed Date:  2001-10-25     Revised Date:  2009-11-18    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0421041     Medline TA:  Br J Ophthalmol     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1225-30     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College Dublin, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, 60 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland. cahill001@mc.duke.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / complications*,  physiopathology
Case-Control Studies
Child
Child, Preschool
Cocaine / pharmacology
Dark Adaptation / physiology
Diabetic Neuropathies / complications*,  physiopathology
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Hypotension, Orthostatic / etiology
Male
Middle Aged
Miotics / pharmacology
Mydriatics / pharmacology
Normal Distribution
Pilocarpine / pharmacology
Pupil / drug effects
Pupil Disorders / etiology*,  physiopathology
Statistics, Nonparametric
Time Factors
Valsalva Maneuver / physiology
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Miotics; 0/Mydriatics; 50-36-2/Cocaine; 92-13-7/Pilocarpine
Comments/Corrections
Comment In:
Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Nov;86(11):1319   [PMID:  12386106 ]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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