| Propylene glycol produces excessive apoptosis in the developing mouse brain, alone and in combination with phenobarbital. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22289851 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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INTRODUCTION: Propylene glycol (PG) is a common solvent used in medical preparations. It is generally recognized as safe at regulated concentrations; however, its apoptotic potential is unknown. RESULTS: PG triggered widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration with the greatest damage at postnatal day 7 (P7). Significant apoptosis was observed at doses as low as 2 ml/kg. These findings have implications for the safety of drug preparations used in pediatric medicine. The anticonvulsant phenobarbital (PB), which alone produces apoptosis in the immature central nervous system (CNS) is prepared in 68% PG and 10% ethanol (EtOH). We assessed whether PG contributes to the neurotoxic potential of PB. The agents (both at subtoxic doses) produce significantly more apoptosis when used in combination. DISCUSSION: In conclusion, finding an alternative non-apoptotic solvent that can be used as a substitute for PG may be beneficial to patients. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice (P4-30) were exposed to PG to examine whether PG could produce apoptosis in the developing CNS. |
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Authors:
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Karen Lau; Brant S Swiney; Nick Reeves; Kevin K Noguchi; Nuri B Farber |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Pediatric research Volume: 71 ISSN: 1530-0447 ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr. Res. Publication Date: 2012 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-01-31 Completed Date: 2012-05-15 Revised Date: 2012-05-22 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0100714 Medline TA: Pediatr Res Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 54-62 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Anticonvulsants / pharmacology* Apoptosis / drug effects* Brain* / drug effects, growth & development, pathology Caspase 3 / metabolism Humans Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Nerve Degeneration / chemically induced, pathology Phenobarbital / pharmacology* Propylene Glycol / pharmacology* Solvents / pharmacology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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K01 MH083046/MH/NIMH NIH HHS; K01MH083046/MH/NIMH NIH HHS; P30 HD062171/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; P30HD062171/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R01 ES012443/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 ES012443/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Anticonvulsants; 0/Solvents; 50-06-6/Phenobarbital; 57-55-6/Propylene Glycol; EC 3.4.22.-/Caspase 3 |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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