Document Detail


Procysteine stimulates expression of key anabolic factors and reduces plantaris atrophy in alcohol-fed rats.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19426167     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Long-term alcohol ingestion may produce severe oxidant stress and lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction. Emerging evidence has suggested that members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines play diverse roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, our goals were (i) to minimize the degree of oxidant stress and attenuate atrophy by supplementing the diets of alcohol-fed rats with the glutathione precursor, procysteine, and (ii) to identify the roles of IL-6 family members in alcoholic myopathy.
METHODS: Age- and gender-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 35 weeks. Subgroups of alcohol-fed rats received procysteine (0.35%, w/v) for the final 12 weeks. Plantaris morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Major components of glutathione metabolism were determined using assay kits. Real-time PCR was used to determine expression levels of several genes.
RESULTS: Plantaris muscles from alcohol-fed rats displayed extensive atrophy, as well as decreased glutathione levels, decreased activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 (Mn-SOD2), and increased NADPH oxidase-1 gene expression-each indicative of significant oxidant stress. Alcohol also induced gene expression of catabolic factors including IL-6, oncostatin M, atrogin-1, muscle ring finger protein-1, and IGFBP-1. Procysteine treatment attenuated plantaris atrophy, restored glutathione levels, and increased catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Mn-SOD2 mRNA expression, but did not reduce other markers of oxidant stress or levels of these catabolic factors. Instead, procysteine stimulated gene expression of anabolic factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1.
CONCLUSIONS: Procysteine significantly attenuated, but did not completely abrogate, alcohol-induced oxidant stress or catabolic factors. Rather, procysteine minimized the extent of plantaris atrophy by inducing components of several anabolic pathways. Therefore, anti-oxidant treatments such as procysteine supplementation may benefit individuals with alcoholic myopathy.
Authors:
Jeffrey S Otis; David M Guidot
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.     Date:  2009-05-04
Journal Detail:
Title:  Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research     Volume:  33     ISSN:  1530-0277     ISO Abbreviation:  Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res.     Publication Date:  2009 Aug 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2009-08-07     Completed Date:  2010-04-12     Revised Date:  2011-05-02    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7707242     Medline TA:  Alcohol Clin Exp Res     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1450-9     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Center for Emory University School of Medicine-Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30002, USA. jsotis@emory.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Alcohol Drinking / metabolism*,  pathology
Animals
Ethanol / administration & dosage*
Male
Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects,  metabolism*,  pathology*
Muscular Atrophy / metabolism*,  pathology,  prevention & control*
Oxidative Stress / drug effects,  physiology
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / administration & dosage*,  pharmacology
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Thiazolidines / administration & dosage*,  pharmacology
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
K01 AA017190-01A1/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS; K01 AA017190-02/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS; P-50 AA013757/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Thiazolidines; 19750-45-9/2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; 64-17-5/Ethanol; 98-79-3/Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid
Comments/Corrections

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