| Print-specific multimodal brain activation in kindergarten improves prediction of reading skills in second grade. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21802519 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Children who are poor readers usually experience troublesome school careers and consequently often suffer from secondary emotional and behavioural problems. Early identification and prediction of later reading problems thus is critical in order to start targeted interventions for those children with an elevated risk for emerging reading problems. In this study, behavioural precursors of reading were assessed in nineteen (aged 6.4±0.3years) non-reading kindergarteners before training letter-speech sound associations with a computerized game (Graphogame) for eight weeks. The training aimed to introduce the basic principles of letter-speech sound correspondences and to initialize the sensitization of specific brain areas to print. Event-related potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were recorded during an explicit word/symbol processing task after the training. Reading skills were assessed two years later in second grade. The focus of this study was on clarifying whether electrophysiological and fMRI data of kindergarten children significantly improve prediction of future reading skills in 2nd grade over behavioural data alone. Based on evidence from previous studies demonstrating the importance of initial print sensitivity in the left occipito-temporal visual word form system (VWFS) for learning to read, the first pronounced difference in processing words compared to symbols in the ERP, an occipito-temporal negativity (N1: 188-281ms) along with the corresponding functional activation in the left occipito-temporal VWFS was defined as potential predictors. ERP and fMRI data in kindergarteners significantly improved the prediction of reading skills in 2nd grade over behavioural data alone. Together with the behavioural measures they explained up to 88% of the variance. An additional discriminant analysis revealed a remarkably high accuracy in classifying normal (n=11) and poor readers (n=6). Due to the key limitation of the study, i.e. the small group sizes, the results of our prediction analyses should be interpreted with caution and regarded as preliminary despite crossvalidation. Nevertheless our results indicate the potential of combining neuroimaging and behavioural measures to improve prediction at an early stage, when literacy skills are acquired and interventions are most beneficial. |
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Authors:
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Silvia Bach; Ulla Richardson; Daniel Brandeis; Ernst Martin; Silvia Brem |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-7-23 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: NeuroImage Volume: - ISSN: 1095-9572 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-8-1 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9215515 Medline TA: Neuroimage Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Agora Center, Agora, PO Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. |
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