Document Detail


Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  17727574     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is one of the most frequent paediatric pathologies. The prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is around 9% in children between 5 and 10 years of age and about 40% of them have one or more episodes per week. Still for too long, PNE has not been recognised as a pathological condition, particularly by the medical community; as a consequence, there was no specific education at medical school, and a poor involvement by the practitioners. Enuretic children have a sense of social difference and isolation; some of them do express a low self-esteem. Also, self-esteem is improved by the management NE even if this management fails to cure the condition. Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is an heterogeneous condition for which various causative factors have been identified such as: nocturnal polyuria, sleep disturbances, reduced bladder capacity or bladder dysfunction, upper airway obstruction. The positive diagnosis of PMNE is based on a complete questionnaire and a careful physical examination. A drinking and voiding chart is an essential non-invasive tool: first, to collect information about the initial drinking and voiding habits of the child, then to reassess the accuracy of the diagnosis. Only motivated patients should receive a specific treatment for their NE and the treatment should be proposed based on the type of PMNE. PMNE associated with nocturnal polyuria should be treated with desmopressin, which reduces nighttime urine production. For PMNE with a reduced bladder capacity alarms should be the first-line treatment. Oxybutinin, a drug with anticholinergic properties, is not theoretically indicated for the treatment of PMNE except for a very small subgroup of patients who have an overactive bladder only during sleep. In cases refractory to monotherapy, NE is probably the result of an association of different physiopathological factors (e.g. both a nocturnal polyuria together with a small bladder capacity) some of them are still unknown. In these patients, a combination of treatments may be more effective than monotherapy. Various combination therapies can be proposed to improve the cure rates.
Authors:
H B Lottmann; I Alova
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  International journal of clinical practice. Supplement     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1368-504X     ISO Abbreviation:  Int J Clin Pract Suppl     Publication Date:  2007 Sep 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2007-08-30     Completed Date:  2008-03-05     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9712380     Medline TA:  Int J Clin Pract Suppl     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  8-16     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Paediatric Urology Unit, Service de Chirurgie Viscerale Pediatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. henrilottmann@wanadoo.fr
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Antidiuretic Agents / therapeutic use
Child
Combined Modality Therapy
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / therapeutic use
Humans
Nocturnal Enuresis / epidemiology,  physiopathology,  therapy*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antidiuretic Agents; 16679-58-6/Deamino Arginine Vasopressin

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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