| Predicting human exposure of the active drug after oral prodrug administration, using a joined in vitro/in silico-in vivo extrapolation and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 23280406 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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INTRODUCTION: Predicting the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prodrugs and their corresponding active drugs is challenging, as there are many variables to consider. Prodrug conversion characteristics in different tissues are generally measured, but integrating these variables to a PK profile is not common practice. In this paper, a joined in vitro/in silico-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach is presented to predict active drug exposure in human after oral prodrug administration. METHODS: Physico-chemical and in vitro assays as well as in silico predictions were proposed to characterize key pharmacokinetic properties (e.g. clearance, volume of distribution, conversion rates) of three marketed prodrugs. These data were used to parameterize a PBPK model for simulating human PK profiles of the active drugs after prodrug administration, which were compared to literature data by evaluating the accuracy and uncertainty of the predictions. RESULTS: For mycophenate mofetil and midodrine the PK of their active moieties could be adequately predicted. The assumptions of the PBPK-IVIVE approach were valid, i.e. being hepatically cleared, converted in the gut lumen, blood and liver and not metabolized in the gut wall. However, the observed profiles after oral bambuterol administration clearly fell outside the prediction interval as the PBPK model failed to predict the observed bioavailability. DISCUSSION: Adding quantitative information about prodrug conversion in gut, liver and blood to a PBPK model for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of prodrug and active moiety resulted, retrospectively, in reasonable predictions of the human PK when the ADME properties are well understood. Also in a prospective compound selection process, this integrative approach can improve decision making on prodrug candidates by putting relative differences in prodrug conversion of a large number of candidates into perspective of their human PK profile, before conducting any in vivo experiments. |
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Authors:
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Jonas Malmborg; Bart A Ploeger |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-12-29 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods Volume: - ISSN: 1873-488X ISO Abbreviation: J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods Publication Date: 2012 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2013-1-2 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9206091 Medline TA: J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
Affiliation:
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DMPK department, AstraZeneca CNS and Pain R&D, S-151 85 Sodertalje, Sweden. Electronic address: malmborgjonas@gmail.com. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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