Document Detail


Potentiating intra-arterial sonothrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke by the addition of the ultrasound contrast agents (Optison™ & SonoVue(®)).
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20473551     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Transcranial ultrasound in combination with intravenously administered ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) in the presence or absence of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been widely evaluated as a new modality for treatment of ischemic stroke. Despite the successful demonstration of accelerated clot lysis there are inherent limitations associated with this modality such as inconsistency in temporal window thickness and/or potential serious cardiopulmonary reactions to intravenous administration of UCA that prevent broad application to ischemic stroke populations. As a complementary modality, we evaluated potential lysis enhancement by intra-arterial ultrasound with concurrent intra-clot delivery of UCA and rt-PA. To this end, clots were formed with average pore diameter similar to clinically retracted clots by adjusting the thrombin concentration. Physical characteristic and retention of UCA after delivery through the catheter as a function of clinically relevant flow rates of 6, 12, 18 ml/h were determined using a microscopic method. The ability of the UCA employed in this study, Optison and SonoVue, to penetrate into the clot was verified using ultrasound B-mode imaging. Clot lysis as a function of rt-PA concentration, 0.009 through 0.5 mg/ml, in the presence and absence of UCA diluted to 1:10, 1:100, and 1:200 v/v at two Peak rarefaction acoustic pressures of 1.3 and 2.1 MPa were evaluated using a weighing method. The study results suggest the addition of only 0.02 ml of 1:100 diluted UCA to rt-PA of 0.009, 0.05, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml can enhance the lysis rate by 3.9, 2.6, 1.9 and 1.8 fold in the presence of peak rarefaction acoustic pressure of 1.3 MPa and by 5.1, 3.4, 2.6, 3.1 in the presence of peak rarefaction acoustic pressure of 2.1 MPa, respectively. In addition, Optison and SonoVue demonstrated comparable effectiveness in enhancing the clot lysis rate. Addition of UCA to intra-arterial sonothrombolysis could be considered as a viable treatment option for ischemic stroke patients.
Authors:
Azita Soltani; Ruchi Singhal; Melissa Obtera; Ronald A Roy; Wayne M Clark; Douglas R Hansmann
Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis     Volume:  31     ISSN:  1573-742X     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Thromb. Thrombolysis     Publication Date:  2011 Jan 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-01-07     Completed Date:  2011-04-20     Revised Date:  2012-01-04    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9502018     Medline TA:  J Thromb Thrombolysis     Country:  Netherlands    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  71-84     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Research and Development Department, EKOS Corporation, 11911 North Creek Parkway South, Bothell, WA 98011, USA. asoltani@ekoscorp.com
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Albumins / pharmacology*
Brain Ischemia* / therapy,  ultrasonography
Contrast Media / pharmacology*
Fibrinolytic Agents / pharmacology*
Fluorocarbons / pharmacology*
Humans
Microbubbles*
Models, Cardiovascular*
Phospholipids / pharmacology*
Stroke* / therapy,  ultrasonography
Sulfur Hexafluoride / pharmacology*
Thrombolytic Therapy / methods*
Tissue Plasminogen Activator / pharmacology*
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / instrumentation,  methods*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
5R21NS053418-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS; R21 NS053418-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Albumins; 0/Contrast Media; 0/FS 069; 0/Fibrinolytic Agents; 0/Fluorocarbons; 0/Phospholipids; 0/contrast agent BR1; 2551-62-4/Sulfur Hexafluoride; EC 3.4.21.68/Tissue Plasminogen Activator

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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