| Population pharmacokinetics of pentobarbital in neonates, infants, and children after open heart surgery. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21665222 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the pharmacokinetics of pentobarbital in neonates, infants, and young children with congenital heart disease after open-heart surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-five subjects (3.0 days-4.4 years) after open-heart surgery who received pentobarbital as standard of care were enrolled. Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples were obtained. A population-based, nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to characterize pentobarbital pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: A two-compartment model with weight as a co-variate allometrically expressed on clearance (CL), inter-compartmental clearance, central (V1) and peripheral volume of distributions, bypass grafting time as a co-variate on CL and V1, and age and ventricular physiology as co-variates on CL best described the pharmacokinetics. A typical infant (two-ventricle physiology, 6.9 kg, 5.2 months, and bypass grafting time of 60 minutes) had a CL of 0.12 L/hr/kg, V1 of 0.45 L/kg, and peripheral volume of distributions of 0.98 L/kg. The bypass grafting effect was poorly estimated. For subjects <12 months age, an age effect on CL remained after accounting for weight and was precisely estimated. CONCLUSIONS: Pentobarbital pharmacokinetics is influenced by age and weight. Subjects with single-ventricle physiology demonstrated a 15% decrease in clearance when compared with subjects with two-ventricle physiology. |
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Authors:
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Athena F Zuppa; Susan C Nicolson; Jeffrey S Barrett; Marc R Gastonguay |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2011-06-12 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of pediatrics Volume: 159 ISSN: 1097-6833 ISO Abbreviation: J. Pediatr. Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-08-17 Completed Date: 2011-11-08 Revised Date: 2012-09-28 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0375410 Medline TA: J Pediatr Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 414-419.e1-3 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Age Factors Body Weight Child, Preschool Heart Defects, Congenital / surgery* Humans Hypnotics and Sedatives / blood, pharmacokinetics* Infant Infant, Newborn Pentobarbital / blood, pharmacokinetics* Time Factors |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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K23 HD048817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; K23 HD048817-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; K23 HD048817-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; UL1 RR024134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Hypnotics and Sedatives; 76-74-4/Pentobarbital |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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J Pediatr. 2011 Sep;159(3):361-3
[PMID:
21764403
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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