| Phytosterols and phytosterolemia: gene-diet interactions. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21437027 Owner: NLM Status: PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Phytosterol intake is recommended as an adjunctive therapy for hypercholesterolemia, and plant sterols/stanols can reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal lumen through the Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter pathway by competitive solubilization in mixed micelles. Phytosterol absorption is of less magnitude than cholesterol and is preferably secreted in the intestinal lumen by ABCG5/G8 transporters. Therefore, plasma levels of plant sterols/stanols are negligible compared with cholesterol, under an ordinary diet. The mechanisms of cholesterol and plant sterols absorption and the whole-body pool of sterols are discussed in this chapter. There is controversy about treatment with statins inducing further increase in plasma non-cholesterol sterols raising concerns about the safety of supplementation of plant sterols to such drugs. In addition, increase in plant sterols has also been reported upon consumption of plant sterol-enriched foods, regardless of other treatments. Rare mutations on ABCG5/G8 transporters affecting cholesterol/non-cholesterol extrusion, causing sitosterolemia with xanthomas and premature atheroslerotic disease are now known, and cholesterol/plant sterols absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, emerges as the drug that reduces phytosterolemia and promotes xanthoma regression. On the other hand, common polymorphisms affecting the NPC1L1 transporter can interfere with the action of ezetimibe. Gene-diet interactions participate in this intricate network modulating the expression of genetic variants on specific phenotypes and can also affect the individual response to the hypolipidemic treatment. These very interesting aspects promoted a great deal of research in the field. |
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Authors:
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Maria C Izar; Daniela M Tegani; Soraia H Kasmas; Francisco A Fonseca |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-08-28 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Genes & nutrition Volume: 6 ISSN: 1555-8932 ISO Abbreviation: Genes Nutr Publication Date: 2011 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-03-25 Completed Date: 2011-07-14 Revised Date: 2011-07-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101280108 Medline TA: Genes Nutr Country: Germany |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 17-26 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 276, 04039-030 São Paulo, SP Brazil. |
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