| Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: affinities of the family Penestomidae (NEW RANK), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae). | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20206276 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Penestomine spiders were first described from females only and placed in the family Eresidae. Discovery of the male decades later brought surprises, especially in the morphology of the male pedipalp, which features (among other things) a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA). The presence of an RTA is synapomorphic for a large clade of spiders exclusive of Eresidae. A molecular data matrix based on four loci was constructed to test two alternative hypotheses: (1) penestomines are eresids and the RTA is convergent, or (2) penestomines belong within the RTA clade. Taxon sampling concentrated on the Eresidae and the RTA clade, especially outside of the Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Evolution of the cribellum, conventionally characterized as a primitive araneomorph spinning organ lost multiple times, is explored. Parsimony optimization indicates repeated appearances of the cribellum. Exploration of asymmetric rates of loss and gain in both a likelihood framework and using a Sankoff matrix under parsimony reveals that cribellum homology is supported when losses are two times more likely than gains. We suggest that when complicated characters appear (under parsimony optimization) to evolve multiple times, investigators should consider alternative reconstructions featuring a relatively high rate of loss. Evolution of other morphological characters is also investigated. The results imply revised circumscription of some RTA-clade families, including Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Cybaeidae, Dictynidae and Hahniidae. Some nomenclatural changes are formally proposed here; others await further investigation. The family Penestomidae (NEW RANK) is established. Tamgrinia, not Neoramia, is the cribellate sister clade of the ecribellate Agelenidae. Tamgrinia and the subfamily Coelotinae are transferred from the family Amaurobiidae to the family Agelenidae. Zanomys and its relatives are not coelotines but belong to a clade tentatively identified as Macrobuninae. |
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Authors:
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Jeremy A Miller; Anthea Carmichael; Mart?n J Ram?rez; Joseph C Spagna; Charles R Haddad; Milan Rez?c; Jes Johannesen; Jir? Kr?l; Xin-Ping Wang; Charles E Griswold |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Date: 2010-03-03 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Volume: 55 ISSN: 1095-9513 ISO Abbreviation: Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. Publication Date: 2010 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-05-03 Completed Date: 2010-06-16 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9304400 Medline TA: Mol Phylogenet Evol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 786-804 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. miller@naturalis.nl |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Bayes Theorem Evolution, Molecular* Female Likelihood Functions Male Models, Genetic Phylogeny* RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / genetics Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Spiders / anatomy & histology, classification*, genetics |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; 0/RNA, Ribosomal, 28S |
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