| Photosensitizing potential of ciprofloxacin at ambient level of UV radiation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17880519 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Ciprofloxacin is a widely used fluoroquinolone drug with broad spectrum antibacterial activities. Clinical experience has shown incidences of adverse effects related to skin, hepatic, central nervous system, gastrointestinal and phototoxicity. India is a tropical country and sunlight is abundant throughout the day. In this scenario exposure to ambient levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) in sunlight may lead to harmful effects in ciprofloxacin users. Phototoxicity assessment of ciprofloxacin was studied by two mouse fibroblast cell lines L-929 and NIH-3T3. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion radical (O2*-) and hydroxyl radical (*OH) was studied under the exposure of ambient intensities of UV-A (1.14, 1.6 and 2.2 mW cm(-2)), UV-B (0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mW cm(-2)) and sunlight (60 min). The drug was generating 1O2, O2*- and *OH in a concentration and dose-dependent manner. Sodium azide (NaN3) and 1,4-diazabicyclo 2-2-2-octane (DABCO) inhibited the generation of 1O2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited 90-95% O2*- generation. The drug (5-40 microg mL(-1)) was responsible for linoleic acid peroxidation. Quenching study of linoleic acid peroxidation with SOD (25 and 50 U mL(-1)) confirms the involvement of ROS in drug-induced lipid peroxidation. The generation of *OH radical was further confirmed by using specific quenchers of *OH such as mannitol (0.5 M) and sodium benzoate (0.5 M). 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dGuO) assay and linoleic acid peroxidation showed that ROS were mainly responsible for ciprofloxacin-sensitized photo-degradation of guanine base. L-929 cell line showed 29%, 34% and 54% reduced cell viability at higher drug concentration (300 microg mL(-1)) under UV-A, UV-B and sunlight, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in NIH-3T3 cell line at higher drug concentration (300 microg mL(-1)) showed a decrease in cell viability by 54%, 56% and 59% under UV-A, UV-B and sunlight, respectively. Results of neutral red uptake assay (NRU) in L-929 cell line were in accordance with MTT assay. The NIH-3T3 cell line showed a higher photosensitizing potential than L-929. The phototoxicity end point shows a time- and concentration-dependent statistically significant (P<0.001) damage. Ciprofloxacin produced ROS by Type I and Type II photodynamic reactions, interacted with nucleic acid moiety and inhibited cell viability. Further, UV-induced photo-peroxidation of linoleic acid accorded the involvement of ROS in the manifestation of drug phototoxicity. Appearance of ciprofloxacin-induced phototoxicity at the ambient level of sunlight is a real risk for the people of India and for those of other tropical countries. We suggest that sunlight exposure should be avoided (especially peak hours) during ciprofloxacin treatment. |
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Authors:
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Neeraj Agrawal; Ratan Singh Ray; Mohammad Farooq; Aditya Bhushan Pant; Rajendra Kumar Hans |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Photochemistry and photobiology Volume: 83 ISSN: 0031-8655 ISO Abbreviation: Photochem. Photobiol. Publication Date: 2007 Sep-Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-09-20 Completed Date: 2008-01-07 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0376425 Medline TA: Photochem Photobiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1226-36 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Photobiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, India. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cell Line Ciprofloxacin / pharmacology* Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation Mice Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology* Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism Superoxides / metabolism Ultraviolet Rays* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Photosensitizing Agents; 11062-77-4/Superoxides; 85721-33-1/Ciprofloxacin; EC 1.15.1.1/Superoxide Dismutase |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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