| Perinatal supply and metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: importance for the early development of the nervous system. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 12079857 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential structural lipid components of biomembranes. During pregnancy, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are preferentially transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta. This placental transfer is mediated by specific fatty acid binding and transfer proteins. After birth, preterm and full-term babies are capable of converting linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids into AA and DHA, respectively, as demonstrated by studies using stable isotopes, but the activity of this endogenous LC-PUFA synthesis is very low. Breast milk provides preformed LC-PUFA, and breast-fed infants have higher LC-PUFA levels in plasma and tissue phospholipids than infants fed conventional formulas. Supplementation of formulas with different sources of LC-PUFA can normalize LC-PUFA status in the recipient infants relative to reference groups fed human milk. Some, but not all, randomized, double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trials in preterm and healthy full-term infants demonstrated benefits of formula supplementation with DHA and AA for development of visual acuity up to 1 year of age and of complex neural and cognitive functions. From the available data, we conclude that LC-PUFA are conditionally essential substrates during early life that are related to the quality of growth and development. Therefore, a dietary supply during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood that avoids the occurrence of LC-PUFA depletion is desirable, as was recently recommended by an expert consensus workshop of the Child Health Foundation. |
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Authors:
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Elvira Larque; Hans Demmelmair; Berthold Koletzko |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume: 967 ISSN: 0077-8923 ISO Abbreviation: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Publication Date: 2002 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2002-06-24 Completed Date: 2002-08-02 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7506858 Medline TA: Ann N Y Acad Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 299-310 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Kinderklinik and Kinderpoliklinik, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Arachidonic Acid
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pharmacokinetics,
pharmacology* Docosahexaenoic Acids / pharmacokinetics, pharmacology* Female Humans Infant Infant Behavior / drug effects Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Maternal-Fetal Exchange Milk, Human Nervous System / growth & development* Pregnancy Visual Acuity / drug effects |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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25167-62-8/Docosahexaenoic Acids; 506-32-1/Arachidonic Acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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