| Perception without awareness: perspectives from cognitive psychology. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11164025 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Four basic approaches that have been used to demonstrate perception without awareness are described. Each approach reflects one of two types of experimental logic and one of two possible methods for controlling awareness. The experimental logic has been either to demonstrate a dissociation between a measure of perception with awareness and a measure that is sensitive to perception without awareness or to demonstrate a qualitative difference between the consequences of perception with and without awareness. Awareness has been controlled either by manipulating the stimulus conditions or by instructing observers on how to distribute their attention. The experimental findings based on all four approaches lead to the same conclusion; namely, stimuli are perceived even when observers are unaware of the stimuli. This conclusion is supported by results of studies in which awareness has been assessed with either objective measures of forced-choice discriminations or measures based on verbalizations of subjective conscious experiences. Given this solid empirical support for the concept of perception without awareness, a direction for future research studies is to assess the functions of information perceived without awareness in determining what is perceived with awareness. The available evidence suggests that information perceived without awareness both biases what stimuli are perceived with awareness and influences how stimuli perceived with awareness are consciously experienced. |
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Authors:
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P M Merikle; D Smilek; J D Eastwood |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cognition Volume: 79 ISSN: 0010-0277 ISO Abbreviation: Cognition Publication Date: 2001 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2001-02-22 Completed Date: 2001-07-12 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0367541 Medline TA: Cognition Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 115-34 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Canada. pmerikle@uwaterloo.ca |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Attention
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physiology Awareness / physiology* Brain / physiology* Cognition / physiology* Humans Perception / physiology* Psychological Theory* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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