| Pedestrian head translation, rotation and impact velocity: The influence of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22269518 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In road traffic collisions, pedestrian injuries and fatalities account for approximately 11% and 20% of casualties in the USA and the EU, respectively. In many less motorised countries, the majority of victims are pedestrians. The significant influences of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait on pedestrian post-impact kinematics have been qualitatively noted in the literature, but there has been no quantitative approach to this problem. In this paper, the MADYMO MultiBody (MB) pedestrian model is used to analyse the influences of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait on the transverse translation of the pedestrian's head, head rotation about the vertical head axis and head impact velocity. Transverse translation has implications for injury severity because of variations in local vehicle stiffness. Head rotation is related to pedestrian stance at impact, which is known to affect the kinematics of a collision. Increased head impact velocity results in greater head injury severity. The results show that transverse translation of the head relative to the primary contact location of the pedestrian on the vehicle decreases with increasing vehicle speed and increases linearly with increasing pedestrian speed. Head rotation decreases with increasing vehicle speed and increases linearly with increasing pedestrian speed, but these variations are small. The range of head rotation values decreases with increasing vehicle speed. Head impact velocity increases linearly with vehicle speed and is largely independent of pedestrian speed. Transverse translation, head rotation and head impact velocity all vary cyclically with gait in clearly definable patterns. |
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Authors:
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J R Elliott; C K Simms; D P Wood |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2011-08-20 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Accident; analysis and prevention Volume: 45 ISSN: 1879-2057 ISO Abbreviation: Accid Anal Prev Publication Date: 2012 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-01-24 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 1254476 Medline TA: Accid Anal Prev Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 342-53 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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