| Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease: how low should plasma homocyst(e)ine levels go? | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 14728038 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Plasma homocyst(e)ine level is a strong independent risk factor for vascular disease. The spelling of homocyst(e)ine reflects that what is measured, and what constitutes the risk factor; it includes homocysteine, homocystine (the dimer of homocysteine) and mixed cysteine-homocysteine disulfide. Homocyst(e)ine levels above 10.2 micro mol/L are associated with a doubling of coronary risk, and levels above 20 micro mol/L are associated with a 9.9-fold increase in risk compared with levels below 9 micro mol/L. The mechanisms by which homocyst(e)ine promotes vascular disease include increased thrombosis, consumption of nitric oxide, endothelial injury, and reduced thrombolysis. Homocyst(e)ine is an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis. Vitamin therapy with folate, pyridoxine (vitamin B(6)), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B(12)) reduces blood levels of homocyst(e)ine, improves endothelial function, reduces levels of fibrinogen and lipoprotein(a), improves thrombolysis, and in uncontrolled clinical observation, leads to regression of carotid plaque. These lines of evidence support a causal relationship between homocyst(e)ine and atherosclerosis, and suggest that in patients with vascular disease, an appropriate target level for therapy may be below 9 or 10 micro mol/L. Randomized controlled studies are under way to determine whether vitamin therapy is effective in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke. |
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Authors:
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J D Spence |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions Volume: 1 ISSN: 1175-3277 ISO Abbreviation: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs Publication Date: 2001 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-01-19 Completed Date: 2004-04-08 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100967755 Medline TA: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs Country: New Zealand |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 85-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Siebens-Drake/Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. dspence@rri.on.ca |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Arteriosclerosis
/
blood*,
drug therapy,
prevention & control* Clinical Trials as Topic Dipeptides / blood* Folic Acid / therapeutic use Homocysteine / blood* Homocystine / blood* Humans Pyridoxine / therapeutic use Risk Factors Vitamin B 12 / therapeutic use |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Dipeptides; 454-28-4/Homocysteine; 462-10-2/Homocystine; 4985-47-1/cysteinylhomocysteine mixed disulfide; 59-30-3/Folic Acid; 65-23-6/Pyridoxine; 68-19-9/Vitamin B 12 |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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