Document Detail


Pathophysiologic correlates of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: II. Dense spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation [SPAF-III] study).
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  10588785     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We analyzed transesophageal echocardiograms from 772 participants in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF-III) study, characterizing spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) in the left atrium or appendage as faint or dense. The association of dense SEC with stroke risk factors and anatomic, hemodynamic, and hemostatic parameters related to specific thromboembolic mechanisms was evaluated by multivariate analysis. Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was present in 55% of patients and was dense in 13%. Age (odds ratio [OR] 2.4/decade, P <.001), constant atrial fibrillation (OR 6.9, P <.001), history of hypertension (OR 3. 2, P <.001), and current tobacco smoking (OR 2.6, P =.04) were independent clinical predictors of dense SEC. Multivariate analysis of clinical, echocardiographic, and hemostatic parameters yielded age as the sole independent clinical predictor of dense SEC (OR 2. 4/decade, P <.001). Other independent predictors were measures of left atrial/appendage flow dynamics, left atrial size (OR 2.4/cm diameter, M-mode, P <.001), atherosclerotic aortic plaque (OR 2.8, P =.002), and plasma fibrinogen >350 mg/dL (P <.001). Results were similar when SEC of any density was analyzed. In conclusion, SEC occurred in more than half of these patients with prospectively defined nonvalvular atrial fibrillation but was usually faint. Dense SEC was strongly associated with previously reported clinical predictors of stroke, linking them to thromboembolism through atrial stasis. Diverse pathophysiologic factors including atrial stasis, fibrinogen level, and aortic plaque influence SEC.
Authors:
R W Asinger; J Koehler; L A Pearce; M Zabalgoitia; J L Blackshear; P E Fenster; R Strauss; D Hess; G D Pennock; R M Rothbart; J L Halperin
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography     Volume:  12     ISSN:  0894-7317     ISO Abbreviation:  J Am Soc Echocardiogr     Publication Date:  1999 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2000-01-05     Completed Date:  2000-01-05     Revised Date:  2007-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8801388     Medline TA:  J Am Soc Echocardiogr     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1088-96     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. asing001@maroon.tc.mn.edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Aged
Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
Aspirin / therapeutic use
Atrial Fibrillation / complications,  physiopathology,  ultrasonography*
Blood Flow Velocity
Contrast Media / administration & dosage
Drug Therapy, Combination
Echocardiography, Doppler
Echocardiography, Transesophageal / methods*
Female
Humans
Injections, Intravenous
Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis / etiology,  physiopathology*,  prevention & control
Male
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / therapeutic use
Risk Factors
Stroke / etiology,  physiopathology,  prevention & control*
Warfarin / therapeutic use
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
R01-NS-24224/NS/NINDS NIH HHS; R01-NS-33551/NS/NINDS NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Anticoagulants; 0/Contrast Media; 0/Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; 50-78-2/Aspirin; 81-81-2/Warfarin

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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