| Pathogenesis of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21334836 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Bronchial asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by airway inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Eosinophils are believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma through the release of inflammatory mediators. In refractory eosinophilic asthma, anti-IL-5 mAb reduces exacerbations and steroid dose, indicating roles of eosinophils and IL-5 in the development of severe eosinophilic asthma. Even in the absence of IL-5, it is likely that the "Th2 network", including a cascade of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/CC chemokines/GM-CSF, can sufficiently maintain eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation. Cysteinyl leukotrienes can also directly provoke eosinophilic infiltration and activation in the airways of asthma. Therefore, various mechanisms would be involved in the eosinophilic airway inflammation of asthma. In the pathogenesis of severe asthma, not only eosinophils but also mast cells or neutrophils play important roles. Mast cells are much infiltrated to smooth muscle in severe asthma and induce airway remodeling by release of inflammatory mediators such as amphiregulin. Treatment with anti-IgE Ab, which neutralizes circulating IgE and suppresses mast cell functions, reduces asthma exacerbations in severe asthmatic patients. Furthermore, infiltration of neutrophils in the airway is also increased in severe asthma. IL-8 plays an important role in the accumulation of neutrophils and is indeed upregulated in severe asthma. In the absence of chemoattractant for eosinophils, neutrophils stimulated by IL-8 augment the trans-basement membrane migration of eosinophils, suggesting that IL-8-stimulated neutrophils could lead eosinophils to accumulate in the airways of asthma. In view of these mechanisms, an effective strategy for controlling asthma, especially severe asthma, should be considered. |
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Authors:
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Kazuyuki Nakagome; Makoto Nagata |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-2-18 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Auris, nasus, larynx Volume: - ISSN: 1879-1476 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-2-21 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7708170 Medline TA: Auris Nasus Larynx Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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