Pachyonychia congenita-associated alopecia. | |
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PMID: 23056978 Owner: NLM Status: PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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A 5-year-old female, known case of pachyonychia congenita, presented with diffuse hair loss; remaining hairs were easily plucked kinky hairs. Hair samples from patient were investigated using a light microscope. The hairs of the patients were mainly anagen hairs and unlike normal plucked anagen hairs, showed keratinization and cornification of their hair bulbs. No specific hair shaft abnormality was found. |
Authors:
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Azita Nikoo |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2012-09-29 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Case reports in pathology Volume: 2012 ISSN: 2090-679X ISO Abbreviation: Case Rep Pathol Publication Date: 2012 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-10-11 Completed Date: 2012-10-12 Revised Date: 2013-04-15 |
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Nlm Unique ID: 101576609 Medline TA: Case Rep Pathol Country: United States |
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Languages: eng Pagination: 850658 Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. |
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Full Text | |
Journal Information Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Report Pathol Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Report Pathol Journal ID (publisher-id): CRIM.PATHOLOGY ISSN: 2090-6781 ISSN: 2090-679X Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
Article Information Download PDF ![]() Copyright © 2012 Azita Nikoo. open-access: Received Day: 8 Month: 7 Year: 2012 Accepted Day: 6 Month: 9 Year: 2012 Print publication date: Year: 2012 Electronic publication date: Day: 29 Month: 9 Year: 2012 Volume: 2012E-location ID: 850658 ID: 3465886 PubMed Id: 23056978 DOI: 10.1155/2012/850658 |
Pachyonychia Congenita-Associated Alopecia | |
Azita NikooI1* | |
Department of Dermatopathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Correspondence: *Azita Nikoo: azinik@yahoo.com [other] Academic Editors: J. S. Khurana and P. Kornprat |
Pachyonychia congenita is a rare heritable disease that affects the nails, skin, oral and laryngeal mucosae, teeth, and hair [1]. Dominant-negative mutations in four keratin genes (K6a, K6b, K16, and K17) lead to keratinocyte fragility and the resultant pachyonychia congenita phenotype [2, 3]. Pachyonychia congenita is characterized by hypertrophic nail dystrophy and associated ectodermal features with subdivisions that have been suggested based on the clinical features [4].
A 5-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with severe progressive wedge-shaped thickening, subungual hyperkeratosis, and discoloration of nails (Figure 1). These changes, which affected all 20 nails, had developed during the first year of life. She had past history of recurrent acral blisters after a few month of birth. These processes ceased after 2 years and followed by plantar keratoderma and diffuse follicular hyperkeratosis on the back and extensor areas of the limbs. There were crusted ulcers on the body and plantar areas. Further examinations showed patches of white, pseudomembranes on the buccal mucosa, and angular cheilitis. Her healthy parents had closed familial relationship. The patient's clinical presentation and history were compatible with a diagnosis of pachyonychia congenita. She also had diffuse hair loss; remaining hairs were easily plucked kinky hairs (Figure 2). Hair samples from patient were investigated using a light microscope. The hairs were mainly anagen hairs. The entire anagen hairs were cornified and showed keratinization and cornification of their hair bulbs. No specific hair shaft abnormality was found (Figure 3).
There are a few studies about the abnormality of hairs in the pachyonychia congenita. In 2000, Selvaag and associates investigated hair samples from patients with different ectodermal dysplasias, including pachyonychia congenita by a scanning electron microscope. The hairs of the patients showed different structural abnormalities; twisted hairs, longitudinal grooves, trichorrhexis nodosa, and variations in the hair caliber, but structural hair defects were not reported in pachyonychia congenita [5]. Hair shaft abnormalities, in our patient, were not specific or significant.
In 1997, Templeton reported the first microscopic description of a patient with pachyonychia congenita-associated alopecia (PC-associated alopecia). They suggested that the histologic presentation of PC-associated alopecia such as diminished follicular density with preservation of follicular units, prominent miniaturization of follicles, dyskeratosis of outer root sheath keratinocytes, and moderate parakeratotic and orthokeratotic follicular hyperkeratosis is very similar to that of chronic persistent or regrowth phase alopecia areata [6].
Anagen hairs of our patient were characterized by pigmented bulbs but like telogen hairs had cornified bulbs. Histological findings of alopecia areata such as “Exclamation mark” or tapered “pencil point” hair [7] were not found.
We described the trichogram of a patient with PC-associated alopecia, which to our best knowledge, is reported in few articles.
References
1. | Franklin J. Pachyonychia congenita (Jadassohn and Lewandowski)Proceedings of the Royal Society of MedicineYear: 193932426326519991775 |
2. | Gu LH,Coulombe PA. Hedgehog signaling, keratin 6 induction, and sebaceous gland morphogenesis: implications for pachyonychia congenita and related conditionsAmerican Journal of PathologyYear: 200817337527612-s2.0-5134914133918688029 |
3. | Smith FJD,Corden LD,Rugg EL,et al. Missense mutations in keratin 17 cause either pachyonychia congenita type 2 or a phenotype resembling steatocystoma multiplexJournal of Investigative DermatologyYear: 199710822202232-s2.0-80442278069008238 |
4. | Leachman SA,Kaspar RL,Fleckman P,et al. Clinical and pathological features of pachyonychia congenitaThe Journal of Investigative DermatologyYear: 20051013172-s2.0-3294447536116250204 |
5. | Selvaag E,Maseng Aas A,Heide S. Structural hair shaft abnormalities in hypomelanosis of Ito and other ectodermal dysplasiasActa PaediatricaYear: 20008956106122-s2.0-003388476510852202 |
6. | Templeton SF,Wiegand SE. Pachyonychia congenita-associated alopecia. A microscopic analysis using transverse section techniqueAmerican Journal of DermatopathologyYear: 19971921801842-s2.0-00308977989129704 |
7. | Sperling LC. An Atlas of Hair Pathology with Clinical CorrelationsYear: 2003New York, NY, USAThe Parthenon Publishing Group |
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