| Oxidative stress and endothelial function: therapeutic interventions. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21513492 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or chronic smoking, stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular wall. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in the coronary and peripheral circulation have important prognostic implications for subsequent cardiovascular events. The pathophysiologic causes of oxidative stress are likely to involve changes in a number of different enzyme systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by various oxidase enzymes, including nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase, glucose oxidase, and lipooxygenase, and mitochondrial electron transport. Decreased NO production due to changes in the expression and activity of eNOS and increased degradation of NO, by reaction with superoxide account for the reduction in endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Recently, a variety of antioxidants have been extensively studied in clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In small clinical studies both vitamins C and E may improve endothelial function in high-risk patients. However, larger interventional trials have been controversial, suggesting potential harm in certain high-risk populations. Antihypertensive and hypolipidemic medications exhibit well-documented antioxidant effects and improve endothelial function. However, the discussion of recent patents with the novel antioxidant strategies are required to clarify the role of antioxidant intervention in vascular diseases. |
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Authors:
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Dimitris Tousoulis; Alexandros Briasoulis; Nikolaos Papageorgiou; Costas Tsioufis; Eleftherios Tsiamis; Kostas Toutouzas; Christodoulos Stefanadis |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery Volume: 6 ISSN: 2212-3962 ISO Abbreviation: Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov Publication Date: 2011 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-06-08 Completed Date: 2011-09-28 Revised Date: 2011-11-10 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101263805 Medline TA: Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov Country: United Arab Emirates |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 103-14 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias, Greece. drtousoulis@hotmail.com |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Antioxidants / pharmacology, therapeutic use* Atherosclerosis / drug therapy, etiology, physiopathology Cardiovascular Diseases / drug therapy*, etiology, physiopathology Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects, physiopathology Humans Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis, metabolism Oxidative Stress / drug effects* Patents as Topic Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism Risk Factors |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Antioxidants; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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