| Osmolalities of propylene glycol-containing drug formulations for parenteral use. Should propylene glycol be used as a solvent? | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 1510265 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Propylene glycol (PG) is a widely used vehicle for water-insoluble drugs. Injection of drugs formulated with this solvent often results in pain, thrombosis, or thrombophlebitis that can be reduced by premedication with local anesthetics or opioids. Because osmolality and pH that are unphysiologic may cause these adverse effects, we assessed the contribution of PG to the osmolality of parenteral drug formulations. Osmolality of PG measured in distilled water showed that PG content and osmolality were directly related: 2% wt/vol PG, 264 mOsm/L; 100% PG, 15, 200 mOsm/L. The osmolalities of commercially available preparations of drugs dissolved in PG ranged from 365 mOsm/L (2% PG content) to 12,800 mOsm/L (83.46% PG), with most above 1000 mOsm/L. Replacement of PG by a solvent with lower osmolality in Germany has effectively reduced the incidence of side effects for one drug. Until PG can be replaced in drugs, we recommend diluting drugs in a large volume of saline solution; this may help to minimize the undesirable effects of this solvent. |
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Authors:
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A Doenicke; A E Nebauer; R Hoernecke; M Mayer; M F Roizen |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Anesthesia and analgesia Volume: 75 ISSN: 0003-2999 ISO Abbreviation: Anesth. Analg. Publication Date: 1992 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1992-09-22 Completed Date: 1992-09-22 Revised Date: 2000-12-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 1310650 Medline TA: Anesth Analg Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 431-5 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Institute of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Anesthesiology
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methods Anesthetics / chemistry* Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / methods* Diclofenac / administration & dosage, chemistry Etomidate / administration & dosage, chemistry* Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Infusions, Parenteral Osmolar Concentration Propofol / chemistry Propylene Glycol Propylene Glycols / chemistry* Solvents Vehicles / chemistry |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Anesthetics; 0/Propylene Glycols; 0/Solvents; 0/Vehicles; 15307-86-5/Diclofenac; 2078-54-8/Propofol; 33125-97-2/Etomidate; 57-55-6/Propylene Glycol |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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